Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden
Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden
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DOI：
10.1016/0360-5442(96)00029-1
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Gustavsson, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borjesson, P;Gustavsson, L
考虑到替代化石燃料和生产新电力的潜力，分析了瑞典生物质的区域生产和利用。生物质的广泛利用将缩短生物质的运输距离。当转化厂位于生物质生产区的中心时，生物质运输到适合电力或甲醇生产的大型转化厂的平均距离为30-42公里。生物质生产和运输的总能源效率将达到95-97%，大气污染物排放量将很小。在农业能源作物占生物量主要部分的地区，运输距离将比林业伐木残留物占主导地位的地区短两到三倍。当目前瑞典用于供热和发电的化石燃料被取代时，所需的75%以上的生物质可以在当地生产。剩余部分的平均运输距离将在130到240公里之间，这将使这种生物质的成本增加15-20%。生物量的利用增加430 PJ/年，估计能源作物、伐木残留物和秸秆的利用增加的潜力，在取代用于发电和供热的化石燃料后，将导致约200 PJ/年的生物量过剩。这种生物质可以用于甲醇或电力生产。由于当地生物质生产的甲醇主要可以在当地用于替代汽油和柴油，因此生物质基甲醇的生产将导致运输需求降低。然而，如果生物质用于发电，如果电力在区域供热系统中热电联产，则运输需求将增加，因为此类系统通常位于人口稠密的地区，缺乏生物质。大约60%用于热电联产的生物质必须平均运输230公里。然而，与短距离运输相比，在远距离运输生物质时改变运输方式将导致相当低的特定运输成本和环境影响，以及较高的能源效率。用生物质能代替用于供热和发电的化石燃料通常成本较低，并且比用生物质能代替汽车使用的汽油和柴油减少更多的二氧化碳排放。此外，电和热的热电联产比单独的电和热生产成本更低，能源效率更高。版权所有爱思唯尔科学有限公司
Regional production and utilization of biomass in Sweden is analysed, considering the potential of replacing fossil fuels and producing new electricity. Extensive utilization of biomass will decrease biomass-transportation distances. The average distance for biomass transportation to a large-scale conversion plant suitable for electricity or methanol production will be 30-42 km when the conversion plant is located in the centre of the biomass production area. The total energy efficiency of biomass production and transportation will be 95-97% and the emissions of air pollutants will be small. In areas where energy crops from agriculture constitute the main part of the biomass, the transportation distance will be two to three times shorter than in areas where logging residues from forestry dominate. When present Swedish fossil-fuel use for heat and electricity production is replaced, more than 75% of the biomass required can be produced locally within the county. The average transportation distance of the remaining part will be between 130 and 240 km, increasing the cost of this biomass by 15-20%. Increased use of biomass by 430 PJ/yr, the estimated potential for increased utilization of energy crops, logging residues and straw, will lead to an excess of about 200 PJ/yr biomass after fossil fuels for electricity and heat production have been replaced. This biomass could be used for methanol or electricity production. The production of biomass-based methanol will lead to a low demand for transportation, as the methanol produced from local biomass can mainly be used locally to replace petrol and diesel. If the biomass is used for electricity production, however, the need for transportation will increase if the electricity is cogenerated in district heating systems, as such systems are usually located in densely populated areas with a deficit of biomass. About 60% of the biomass used for cogenerated electricity must be transported, on average, 230 km. Changing transportation mode when transporting biomass over large distances, compared with short distances, however, will lead to rather low specific transportation costs and environmental impact, as well as high energy efficiency. Replacing fossil fuels with biomass for heat and electricity production is typically less costly and leads to a greater reduction in CO2 emission than substituting biomass for petrol and diesel used in vehicles. Also, cogeneration of electricity and heat is less costly and more energy efficient than separate electricity and heat production. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.