Characterization of glycoproteins: carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein hormones.
Characterization of glycoproteins: carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein hormones.
复制标题
糖蛋白的表征：糖蛋白激素的碳水化合物结构。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-5209-9_1
复制
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wagh,PV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahl,OP;Wagh,PV
糖蛋白是自然界中广泛分布的一组复杂的大分子。它们几乎存在于所有形式的生命中，并参与重要的生物学功能(Wagh和Babl，1981；Sharon和Liz，1982；Kobata，1984)。碳水化合物在糖蛋白功能中扮演的角色的重要性已经得到了相当好的认识(Ashwell和Harford，1982；Kalyan等人，1982；Kalyan和巴尔，1983)。近年来，在理解碳水化合物的结构、功能和生物合成方面取得了相当大的进展(Kornfeld和Kornfeld，1985)。这在很大程度上是由于低聚糖分离和结构技术的改进。由此收集的大量结构信息表明，糖蛋白中普遍存在微观异质性。这种微观异质性的作用目前尚不明确。此外，很难将微观异质性现象与生物大分子的结构和功能之间存在密切而精确的关系这一事实相协调。然而，微观异质性的存在使碳水化合物假体基团的结构测定变得复杂。上个世纪七十年代，杂糖的结构测定忽略了微观异质性的研究。因此，当时报道的结构是普通结构，应该重新检查(Kobata，1984)。本文从人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、绵羊促黄体生成素(OLH)和马绒毛膜促性腺激素(CG)三种糖蛋白激素出发，讨论了杂糖结构表征的一般策略。
Gylcoproteins are a complex group of macromolecules that are widely distributed in nature. They are present virtually in all forms of life and are involved in important biological functions (Wagh and Bahl, 1981; Sharon and Liz, 1982; Kobata, 1984). The importance of the role that the carbohydrates play in the functions of glycoproteins has been fairly well recognized (Ashwell and Harford, 1982; Kalyan et al., 1982; Kalyan and Bahl, 1983). In recent years, considerable progress has been made toward our understanding of the structure, function, and biosynthesis of the carbohydrates (Kornfeld and Kornfeld, 1985). This has been due largely to the refinement in oligosaccharide separation and structural techniques. A vast amount of structural information gathered as a result has revealed that microheterogeneity is of general occurrence in glycoproteins. The function of this microheterogeneity is ambiguous at present. Moreover, it is difficult to reconcile the phenomenon of microheterogeneity with the fact that there is an intimate and precise relationship between structure and function in biological macromolecules. Nevertheless, the existence of microheterogeneity has complicated the structural determination of the carbohydrate prosthetic groups. In the seventies, microheterogeneity was merely considered as an artifact and was ignored during the structural determination of heterosaccharides. Consequently, the structures reported then were average structures and should be reexamined (Kobata, 1984). In this report, the problem of micro-heterogeneity the general strategy for heterosaccharide structural characterization are considered with respect to three glycoprotein hormones: human choriogonadotropin (hCG), ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH), and equine choriogonadotropin (eCG).