Resourceful Waste Management
Resourceful Waste Management
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资源丰富的废物管理
DOI：
10.2307/3950241
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发表时间：
1966
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Spilhaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Spilhaus
0 我们丢弃在土地、空气和水中的物质数量正变得如此惊人，以至于污染的幽灵将困扰着这个国家的每一家公司。有两种方法可以走——我们可以继续我们已经走的路，增加税收和政府控制来“处置”废物，或者我们可以将废物视为一种资源和巨大的新产业的可能基础。不管怎样——一种新的经济学将会出现——一方面，如果工业界不以自己的主动性和想象力来解决这个问题，就会产生源头税和排污税等负担。另一方面，如果我们走向一个致力于残留物再利用的巨大产业，我们不仅可以保持环境清洁，而且可以提高生产效率。事实上，单个行业可能会发现很难应对特定的废物问题，但不同行业的联合体可以作为一个系统来解决这个问题。生物学中的共生，其简单的形式就是蜱鸟骑在犀牛背上，以犀牛的寄生虫为食，从而保持犀牛的清洁。我们能否想出工业共生的组合，将不同的废物组合起来，至少可以相互抵消，最多可以制造出有用的东西？仅污染就会影响整个工业经济——从最初的设计，到不同的营销理念，废除我们所知道的消费者，将收集入口与分配出口结合起来，大规模拆卸和大规模生产，以及废物的再利用和储存，而不是处置和城市更新。任何物质过量或过度浓度都可能构成或导致污染。人口过多或过度集中才是地球上真正的污染问题。下面所说的都是人类污染这个大问题的副作用。 （斯皮豪斯博士随后引用了美国国家科学院题为“废物管理与控制”的资源特别报告的摘录，并稍作修改。）
0 THE AMOUNT OF STUFF we throw away on our land, air and our water is becoming so staggering that the spectre of pollution will haunt every corporation in the country. There are two ways to go-we can go on the way we have been going and have taxes and government controls increase to "dispose" of wastes, or we can look at waste as a resource and the possible basis of huge, new industries. Either way-a new kind of economics will emerge-on the one hand, if industry does not tackle this with its own initiative and imagination, such burdens as taxes at the source and effluent taxes will be imposed. On the other hand, if we move toward a giant industry dedicated to the reuse of residues, we can not only keep our environment clean but do so on a productive basis. Really, an individual industry may find it hard to cope with a particular waste problem but an association of different industries can tackle the problem as a system. Symbiosis in biology in its simple form is where the tick birds ride on the rhinoceros' back and live on his parasites, thereby keeping him clean. Can we think up combinations of industrial symbiosis where different wastes can be combined at least to neutralize each other and at best to make something useful? Pollution alone is going to affect the whole economics of industry-from original design, to different marketing concepts, abolition of the consumer as we know him, coupling collection inlets with distribution outlets, mass disassembly as well as mass production, and reuse and stockpiling of discards, instead of disposal and urban renewal. An excess or overconcentration of anything can constitute or result in pollution. It is the excess or overconcentration of people that is the real pollution problem on earth. All of what is said below are the side effects of the major problem of people pollution. (Dr. Spilhaus then quoted the following excerpts, slightly amended, from the National Academy of Sciences special report on resources, titled "Waste Management and Control.")