The hyper-sentient addict: an exteroception model of addiction.
The hyper-sentient addict: an exteroception model of addiction.
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DOI：
10.3109/00952990.2015.1049701
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Filbey FM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DeWitt SJ;Ketcherside A;McQueeny TM;Dunlop JP;Filbey FM
外部感觉涉及与感知环境刺激有关的过程，环境刺激对有机体适应环境的能力至关重要。因此，外部感觉在条件性反应中起着关键作用。在成瘾中，行为和神经成像研究表明，对药物相关线索的条件性反应通常与大脑区域的变化有关，包括楔前/后扣带回皮质，这是默认模式网络中的一个重要节点，专门用于自我监控等过程。这篇综述旨在总结不断增长但基本上支离破碎的文献，这些文献支持外部感觉过程在成瘾中的核心作用。我们通过PubMed和Google Scholar对实证研究进行了系统的回顾，关键字包括“上瘾”、“外部感觉”、“楔前核”和“自我意识”，以确定人类行为和神经成像研究，这些研究报告了健康人群中自我意识的机制，以及成瘾人群中自我意识过程的改变，特别是外部感觉。结果表明，外感过程在成瘾的条件性线索反应中起着关键作用，并可作为正念训练等干预措施的目标。此外，默认模式网络的中枢，即楔前叶，(I)持续地参与外部感受过程，以及(Ii)广泛证明在成瘾人群中具有更高的激活和连接性。增强的外部感觉过程可能是线索引发的渴望的基础，这反过来可能导致物质使用障碍的维持和恶化。成瘾的外部感觉模型提供了一个可测试的框架，从中可以确定干预的新目标。
Exteroception involves processes related to the perception of environmental stimuli important for an organism's ability to adapt to its environment. As such, exteroception plays a critical role in conditioned response. In addiction, behavioral and neuroimaging studies show that the conditioned response to drug-related cues is often associated with alterations in brain regions including the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, an important node within the default mode network dedicated to processes such as self-monitoring. This review aimed to summarize the growing, but largely fragmented, literature that supports a central role of exteroceptive processes in addiction. We performed a systematic review of empirical research via PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including ‘addiction’, ‘exteroception’, ‘precuneus’, and ‘self-awareness’, to identify human behavioral and neuroimaging studies that report mechanisms of self-awareness in healthy populations, and altered selfawareness processes, specifically exteroception, in addicted populations. Results demonstrate that exteroceptive processes play a critical role in conditioned cue response in addiction and serve as targets for interventions such as mindfulness training. Further, a hub of the default mode network, namely, the precuneus, is (i) consistently implicated in exteroceptive processes, and (ii) widely demonstrated to have increased activation and connectivity in addicted populations. Heightened exteroceptive processes may underlie cue-elicited craving, which in turn may lead to the maintenance and worsening of substance use disorders. An exteroception model of addiction provides a testable framework from which novel targets for interventions can be identified.