Beneficial Roles of Emotion in Decision Making: Functional Association of Brain and Body
Beneficial Roles of Emotion in Decision Making: Functional Association of Brain and Body
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发表时间：
2011-12
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通讯作者：
H. Ohira
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作者：
H. Ohira
虽然传统的微观经济学认为人类的决策是基于成本效益平衡或功效的逻辑和精确计算，但行为经济学的研究表明，人类有时会在情感的驱使下做出看似不合理的决策。在我们的日常生活中，与决策相关的因素是复杂的，哪种选择将是最有益的是不确定的。在这种情况下，情绪被认为是适应性的，因为它们可以迅速减少负面的选择，促进快速有效的决策。一些理论家认为，这种影响决策的情感驱动力的重要来源之一是大脑区域所代表的身体反应（克雷格，2009;达马西奥，1994）。在这篇文章中，经验证据的大脑和身体的功能协会伴随着决策将显示如下。(1)心率反应和炎性细胞因子（IL-6）的浓度可以预测接受或拒绝不公平的报价在经济谈判游戏，最后通牒游戏。前额叶的激活调节身体状态和决策之间的关系。(2)肾上腺素分泌反映的交感神经反应在中脑、前扣带皮层、前扣带皮层等脑区域表现，在行动结果偶然性随机且不稳定的情况下，能够决定决策的探索。这些发现表明情绪和身体反应在决策中的有益作用。
Though traditional microeconomics has supposed that human decisions are based on logical and exact computation of cost-benefit balances or efficacies, studies in behavioral economics have shown that humans sometimes make seemingly irrational decisions driven by emotions. In our everyday situations, factors related to decisions are complex and which alternative will be the most beneficial is uncertain. In such cases, emotions have been thought adaptive because they can quickly reduce negative alternatives and facilitate fast and effective decision making. Some theorists argued that one of important sources of such emotional drives affecting decision making is bodily responses that are represented in brain regions (Craig, 2009; Damasio, 1994). In this article, empirical evidence for the functional associations of the brain and body accompanying decision making will be shown as follows. (1) Heart rate responses and concentration of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) can predict acceptance or rejection of an unfair offer in an economical negotiation game, the Ultimatum Game. Activation of the anterior insula mediates relationship between bodily states and decision making. (2) Sympathetic responses reflected by secretion of adrenaline are represented in brain regions such as the midbrain, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula, and furthermore can determine exploration of decision making in a situation where an action-outcome contingency is stochastic and unstable. These findings suggest beneficial roles of emotion and bodily responses in decision making.