The Metaethical Insignificance of Moral Twin Earth
The Metaethical Insignificance of Moral Twin Earth
复制标题
道德孪生地球的元伦理意义
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198784647.003.0001
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
J. Dowell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Dowell
语义田野调查的目的是在所调查的语言中建立关于话语意义和话语部分的事实。这些语义事实往往是微妙的，通常是上下文相关的，几乎从来没有直接的母语者的直觉（即不能简单地问问题的形式“X是什么意思？”）。丽莎Matthewson，“论语义田野调查的方法论”（pp. 370-1)什么样的方法适合于语义理论化？特别是，什么类型的考虑真正限制了规范性和评价性表达的适当语义？2语言学家广泛认可的数据点包括关于表达的日常使用的事实和有能力的说话者对这种使用是可接受的和适当的判断。当代的元伦理学文献反映了一种普遍的假设，即语言学家不依赖于另外一个数据来源，即有能力的说话者对与竞争对手和假设的言语社区不一致的可能性的判断。“对手”和”假设”在这里都很重要。由于所讨论的社区既是竞争性的，也是假设性的，
Semantic fieldwork aims to establish facts about the meaning of utterances, and parts of utterances, in the language under investigation. These semantic facts are often subtle, are usually context-dependent, and are almost never accessible by direct native-speaker intuitions (ie one cannot simply ask questions of the form" What does X mean?”). Lisa Matthewson,“On the Methodology of Semantic Fieldwork”(pp. 370-1)What methodology is appropriate for semantic theorizing? ¹ In particular, what types of consideration place genuine constraints on an adequate semantics for normative and evaluative expressions? 2 Data points widely recognized among linguists include facts about ordinary uses of expressions and competent speakers' judgments about which such uses are acceptable and appropriate. ³ The contemporary literature in metaethics reflects the widespread assumption that there is an additional source of data linguists don't rely upon, however, namely, competent speakers' judgments about the possibility of disagreement with rival and hypothetical speech communities. Both “rival" and" hypothetical" are important here. Since the communities in question are both rival and hypothetical, the experiments