Party, Peers, Publicity: Overlapping Loyalties in Early Soviet Pugwash, 1955–1960
Party, Peers, Publicity: Overlapping Loyalties in Early Soviet Pugwash, 1955–1960
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政党、同侪、宣传：1955 年至 1960 年早期苏联帕格沃什的忠诚度重叠
DOI：
10.1163/9789004340176_005
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fabian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lüscher;Fabian
1991年，苏联还存在的时候，苏联物理学家维克多·韦斯科普夫（VictorWeisskopf，1908-2002）出版了他的回忆录。这位美国科学家分享的见解之一是他参加帕格沃什会议（PCSWA）-这是一个跨国倡议，在铁幕两边有影响力的科学家之间讨论“科学和世界事务”，特别是核裁军。[1]根据韦斯科普夫的说法，PCSWA的苏联代表总是代表他们的政府立场，而相比之下，“西方”科学家可以自由表达他们的个人观点。由于苏联的帕格瓦希人非常接近莫斯科的政治权力中心，因此对魏斯科普夫来说，与他们接触基本上是有利的，因为他们可以直接参与苏联的决策。[2]这意味着，通过参加帕格沃什会议的高级科学家，声明和想法可以迅速传达给莫斯科有影响力的政治家。这些网络开辟了沟通渠道，在某些情况下直接导致苏联共产党（CPSU）第一书记Nikita S。赫鲁晓夫（1894-1971）。3利用这些机会，围绕PCSWA出现的网络旨在克服原子时代最紧迫问题上的政治分歧。自1946年美国提出第一个核军备控制提案以来，已经进行了几次结束核试验和军备竞赛的尝试。
TheAustrian-bornphysicistVictorWeisskopf (1908–2002) publishedhismemoirs in 1991, when the Soviet Union still existed. One of the insights shared by the American scientist concerned his participation in Pugwash conferences (PCSWA)–a transnational initiative to discuss “science and world affairs,” especially nuclear disarmament, among influential scientists from both sides of the Iron Curtain. 1 According to Weisskopf, Soviet delegates at the PCSWA always stood in for their government’s positions while, in contrast,“western” scientists were free to express their personal views. Because Soviet Pugwashites were very close to the centers of political power in Moscow, the contact with them was, forWeisskopf, basically advantageous in order to get direct access to Soviet policy-making. 2 This meant that statements and ideas could be quickly forwarded to influential politicians in Moscow through the high-ranking scientists participating in Pugwash. Such networks opened channels of communication that in some instances led directly to the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), Nikita S. Khrushchev (1894–1971). 3 Using such opportunities, the network emerging around the PCSWA aimed at overcoming political disaccord in the most pressing issues of the atomic age. Several attempts to end nuclear testing and the arms race had been undertaken since 1946, when the first US proposal on nuclear arms control–the