Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology
Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology
复制标题
物理火山学基础
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Parfitt;L. Wilson
前言。致谢。奉献精神。术语表。1。火山系统。1.1导论。1.2火山喷发的类型。1.3火山系统。1.4本书的结构和目的。1.5深入阅读。1.6思考问题。2。岩浆的产生和分离。2.1绪论。2.2岩石熔融机制。2.3火山作用和板块构造。2.4地幔的熔融和熔融分离。2.5总结。2.6深入阅读。2.7思考问题。3。岩浆迁移。3.1简介。3.2熔体的底辟上升。3.3从底辟上升到岩脉形成的变化。3.4岩脉扩展。3.5岩脉圈闭。3.6岩脉圈闭的后果。3.7总结。3.8进一步阅读。3.9思考问题。4。岩浆储存。4.1简介。4.2岩浆在地壳内储存的证据。4.3岩浆房的形成和生长。4.4岩浆房及其对火山系统的影响。4.5总结。4.6进一步阅读。4.7思考问题。5。挥发物的作用。5.1简介。5.2岩浆中的挥发物。5.3挥发物在岩浆中的溶解度。5.4气泡成核。5.5气泡生长。5.6岩浆碎裂和挥发物对喷发方式的影响。5.7总结。5.8进一步阅读。5.9思考问题。6。稳定爆发。6.1简介。6.2岩浆碎裂前气泡的影响。6.3气体-岩浆混合物的加速。6.4出口速度的控制。6.5稳定喷发中的喷发羽流。6.6喷发羽流中碎屑的沉降物。6.7不稳定喷发柱。6.8总结。6.9进一步阅读。6.10思考问题。7。短暂火山爆发。7.1简介。7.2岩浆爆炸。7.3涉及外部水的短暂火山爆发。7.4总结。7.5深入阅读。7.6思考问题。火山碎屑落流。8.1简介。8.2喷发柱的碎屑沉降。8.3喷发柱模型的应用。8.4火山碎屑密度流及其沉积。8.5总结。8.6进一步阅读。8.7思考问题。熔岩流。9.1简介。9.2熔岩流的起源。9.3熔岩流的类型。9.4熔岩流流变学。9.5熔岩流几何的流变控制。9.6熔岩流运动。9.7熔岩流的长度。9.8熔岩流的表面纹理。9.9地面坡度和熔岩粘度的影响。9.10总结。9.11进一步阅读。9.12思考问题。10。喷发类型、规模和频率。10.1导论。10.2火山活动的化学成分和类型。10.3化学成分和喷涌喷发。10.4化学成分和爆炸性喷发。10.5控制喷发特征的成分摘要。10.6火山喷发的震级和频率。10.7弹性和非弹性喷发。10.8异常震级喷发。10.9摘要。10.10进一步阅读。10.11思考问题。11。火山危害和火山监测。11.1简介。11.2火山危害的类型。11.3危害评估。11.4监测火山和短期喷发预测。11.5危害缓解。11.6总结。11.7进一步阅读。11.8思考问题。12。火山与气候。12.1导论。12.2火山爆发对气候影响的证据。12.3火山爆发后气候变化的卫星监测。12.4火山爆发对气候的影响。12.5火山与物种大灭绝。12.6摘要。12.7深入阅读。12.8思考问题。13。其他行星上的火山活动。13.1简介。13.2太阳系中的火山活动体。13.3环境条件对火山过程的影响。13.4月球。13.5火星。13.6金星。13.7水星。13.8木卫一。13.9木卫二。13.10分化的小行星。13.11摘要。13.12进一步阅读。13.13思考问题。回答问题。指数
Preface. Acknowledgments. Dedication. Glossary. 1. Volcanic Systems. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Styles of Volcanic Eruptions. 1.3 Volcanic Systems. 1.4 The Structure and Aims of this Book. 1.5 Further Reading. 1.6 Questions to Think About. 2. Magma Generation and Segregation. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Rock Melting Mechanisms. 2.3 Volcanism and Plate Tectonics. 2.4 Melting and Melt Segregation in the Mantle. 2.5 Summary. 2.6 Further Reading. 2.7 Questions to Think About. 3. Magma Migration. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Diapiric Rise of Melt. 3.3 The Change from Diapir Rise to Dike Formation. 3.4 Dike Propagation. 3.5 Trapping of Dikes. 3.6 Consequences of Dike Trapping. 3.7 Summary. 3.8 Further Reading. 3.9 Questions to Think About. 4. Magma Storage. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Evidence for Magma Storage Within the Crust. 4.3 Formation and Growth of Magma Chambers. 4.4 Magma Chambers and their Impact on Volcanic Systems. 4.5 Summary. 4.6 Further Reading. 4.7 Questions to Think About. 5. The Role of Volatiles. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Volatiles in Magma. 5.3 The Solubility of Volatiles in Magma. 5.4 Bubble Nucleation. 5.5 Bubble Growth. 5.6 Magma Fragmentation and the Influence of Volatiles on Eruption Styles. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 Further Reading. 5.9 Questions to Think About. 6. Steady Explosive Eruptions. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Influence of Gas Bubbles Prior to Magma Fragmentation. 6.3 Acceleration of the Gas-Magma Mixture. 6.4 Controls on Exit Velocity. 6.5 Eruption Plumes in Steady Eruptions. 6.6 Fallout of Clasts from Eruption Plumes. 6.7 Unstable Eruption Columns. 6.8 Summary. 6.9 Further Reading. 6.10 Questions to Think About. 7. Transient Volcanic Eruptions. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Magmatic Explosions. 7.3 Transient Eruptions Involving External Water. 7.4 Summary. 7.5 Further Reading. 7.6 Questions to Think About. 8. Pyroclastic Falls and Flows. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Fallout of Clasts from Eruption Columns. 8.3 The Application of Eruption Column Models. 8.4 Pyroclastic Density Currents and their Deposits. 8.5 Summary. 8.6 Further Reading. 8.7 Questions to Think About. 9. Lava Flows. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Origin of Lava Flows. 9.3 Types of Lava Flow. 9.4 Lava Flow Rheology. 9.5 Rheological Control of Lava Flow Geometry. 9.6 Lava Flow Motion. 9.7 Lengths of Lava Flows. 9.8 Surface Textures of Lava Flows. 9.9 Effects of Ground Slope and Lava Viscosity. 9.10 Summary. 9.11 Further Reading. 9.12 Questions to Think About. 10. Eruption Styles, Scales and Frequencies. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Chemical Composition and Styles of Volcanic Activity. 10.3 Chemical Composition and Effusive Eruptions. 10.4 Chemical Composition and Explosive Eruptions. 10.5 Summary of Compositional Controls on Eruption Character. 10.6 Magnitudes and Frequencies of Volcanic Eruptions. 10.7 Elastic and Inelastic Eruptions. 10.8 Eruptions of Exceptional Magnitude. 10.9 Summary. 10.10 Further Reading. 10.11 Questions to Think About. 11. Volcanic Hazards and Volcano Monitoring. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Types of Volcanic Hazard. 11.3 Hazard Assessment. 11.4 Monitoring Volcanoes and Short-Term Eruption Prediction. 11.5 Hazard Mitigation. 11.6 Summary. 11.7 Further Reading. 11.8 Questions to Think About. 12. Volcanoes and Climate. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Evidence for the Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Climate. 12.3 Satellite Monitoring of Climate Change after Volcanic Eruptions. 12.4 The Effects of Volcanic Eruptions on Climate. 12.5 Volcanoes and Mass Extinctions. 12.6 Summary. 12.7 Further Reading. 12.8 Questions to Think About. 13. Volcanism on Other Planets. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Volcanically Active Bodies in the Solar System. 13.3 The Effects of Environmental Conditions on Volcanic Processes. 13.4 The Moon. 13.5 Mars. 13.6 Venus. 13.7 Mercury. 13.8 Io. 13.9 Europa. 13.10 Differentiated Asteroids. 13.11 Summary. 13.12 Further Reading. 13.13 Questions to Think About. Answers to Questions. Index