Optimum muscle design for oscillatory movements
Optimum muscle design for oscillatory movements
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DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.1996.0271
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发表时间：
1997-02-07
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Alexander, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander, RM
一个简单的模型代表振荡运动，如许多动物用于跑步，游泳或飞行。板在流体中通过一对肌肉振动，这对肌肉施加克服其惯性和流体动力学阻力所需的力。肌肉有弹簧般的肌腱。基于经验的方程考虑了肌肉施加的力和肌肉缩短的速率，用于估计振荡的代谢能量成本。肌肉的最大缩短速度（v（max））和肌腱的弹性顺应性是不同的，以找到最小化代谢成本的最佳组合。如果流体动力占主导地位（如在游泳中），则成本对肌肉速度（应该相对较高）高度敏感，但对顺应性不太敏感。如果惯性力占主导地位（如在跑步中），则成本对肌腱顺应性高度敏感，而对肌肉速度不太敏感（肌肉速度应该优选地较低）。根据这些结论讨论了各种动物运动的肌肉。(C)出版社：Academic Press Limited。
A simple model represents oscillatory movements such as many animals use for running, swimming or flight. A plate is oscillated in a fluid by a pair of muscles that exert the forces needed to overcome its inertia and hydrodynamic drag. The muscles have spring-like tendons. Empirically-based equations that take account of the force exerted by a muscle and the rate at which it is shortening are used to estimate the metabolic energy cost of the oscillation. The maximum shortening speed (v(max)) of the muscles and the elastic compliance of their tendons are varied to find the optimum combination that minimizes metabolic cost. If hydrodynamic forces predominate (as in swimming), the cost is highly sensitive to muscle speed (which should be relatively high) but less sensitive to compliance. If inertial forces predominate (as in running) the cost is highly sensitive to tendon compliance, and less sensitive to muscle speed (which should preferably be low). The muscles that power the locomotion of various animals are discussed in the light of these conclusions. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.