Trait positive and negative emotionality differentially associate with diurnal cortisol activity.
Trait positive and negative emotionality differentially associate with diurnal cortisol activity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.004
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Manuck SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller KG;Wright AG;Peterson LM;Kamarck TW;Anderson BA;Kirschbaum C;Marsland AL;Muldoon MF;Manuck SB
下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）活动指标的个体间差异，例如皮质醇日间下降的斜率、皮质醇觉醒反应（CAR）和皮质醇总输出量，已被发现与某些人的外向性和积极情感（E/PA）特质评级呈负相关，与神经质和消极情感（N/NA）呈正相关。 但不是全部，调查。这些不一致可能部分反映了研究中皮质醇采样强度的不同以及对自评特征的依赖，这些特征容易受到报告偏差和内省的限制。在这里，我们进一步检查了 490 名健康、就业的中年志愿者（男性年龄 = 43 岁；54% 女性；86% 白人）的 HPA 活动的性格相关性。要求参与者和 2 名参与者选出的线人使用 NEO 人格量表的积极和消极情感表 (PANAS) 以及外向性和神经质维度进行特质评级。 CAR 评估为从醒来到醒来后 30 分钟皮质醇水平增加的百分比；皮质醇的昼夜斜率和总输出量 [曲线下面积 (AUC)] 是根据 3 个工作日内醒来时、+4 小时和 +9 小时后以及就寝时间进行的皮质醇测量来确定的。结构方程模型用于估计多信息 E/PA 和 N/NA 因素。我们使用 3 天的测量作为指标来对三个潜在皮质醇因子（斜率、CAR 和 AUC）中的每一个进行建模。包含两个潜在情绪和三个潜在皮质醇指数后，数据非常吻合（χ2(200)= 278.38，p= .0002；RMSEA= .028，90% CI= .02–.04；CFI/TLI= .97/.96；SRMR= .04）。控制协变量（年龄、性别、种族）后，结果显示较高的潜在 E/PA 与较陡的昼夜斜率（标准化 β= -.19，p= .02）和较小的 CAR（标准化 β= -.26，p= .004）相关，而 N/NA 与任何皮质醇指标无关（标准化 β = -.12 至 .13，p's= .10 至 .53）。这些发现表明，积极情绪可能比消极情绪与昼间皮质醇释放指数的关系更密切。
Inter-individual variability in metrics of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity, such as the slope of the diurnal decline in cortisol, cortisol awakening response (CAR), and total cortisol output, have been found to associate inversely with trait ratings of extraversion and positive affect (E/PA) and positively with neuroticism and negative affect (N/NA) in some, but not all, investigations. These inconsistencies may partly reflect varied intensity of cortisol sampling among studies and reliance on self-rated traits, which are subject to reporting biases and limitations of introspection. Here, we further examined dispositional correlates of HPA activity in 490 healthy, employed midlife volunteers (M age= 43 years; 54% Female; 86% white). Trait ratings were requested from participants and 2 participant-elected informants using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Extraversion and Neuroticism dimensions of NEO personality inventories. CAR was assessed as percent increase in cortisol levels from awakening to 30 minutes after awakening; and the diurnal slope and total output of cortisol [Area Under the Curve (AUC)] were determined from cortisol measurements taken at awakening, +4 and +9 hours later, and bedtime, across 3 workdays. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate multi-informant E/PA and N/NA factors. We used 3 days of measurement as indicators to model each of the three latent cortisol factors (slope, CAR, and AUC). With the two latent emotionality and three latent cortisol indices included there was good fit to the data (χ2(200)= 278.38, p= .0002; RMSEA= .028, 90% CI= .02–.04; CFI/TLI= .97/.96; SRMR= .04). After controlling for covariates (age, sex, race), results showed higher latent E/PA associated with a steeper diurnal slope (Standardized β= −.19, p= .02) and smaller CAR (Standardized β= −.26, p= .004), whereas N/NA did not associate with any cortisol metric (Standardized β’s= −.12 to .13, p’s= .10 to .53). These findings suggest that positive emotionality may be more closely associated with indices of diurnal cortisol release than negative emotionality.