Coral community decline at a remote Caribbean island: marine no-take reserves are not enough
Coral community decline at a remote Caribbean island: marine no-take reserves are not enough
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/aqc.822
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Manfrino, Carrie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coelho, Vania R.;Manfrino, Carrie
1.由于人为压力，世界各地的珊瑚礁几十年来一直在恶化。在加勒比地区，最近的下降速度令人震惊，特别是对于受当地人为影响较大的珊瑚礁而言，其中许多珊瑚礁已经严重退化，尽管受直接人为影响较小的区域受到的影响似乎较小。小开曼群岛是一个相对不发达的岛屿，常住居民不到150人。自20世纪80年代中期以来，约有20%的珊瑚礁受到禁止捕捞的海洋保护区的保护。我们分析了1999年至2004年该岛周围珊瑚群落的动态，以检验这样一种假设，即缺乏重大的局部人为干扰足以防止珊瑚数量的下降。在九个地点使用大西洋和海湾快速珊瑚礁评估方法(线横断面)测量了活硬珊瑚覆盖率、珊瑚多样性、丰度、死亡率、大小以及疾病和白化的流行率。尽管该岛表面上没有受到干扰，但平均活珊瑚覆盖率在五年内相对减少了40%(从26%减少到16%，绝对变化为10%)。每年的平均死亡率从23%到27%不等。总的平均直径和高度平均下降了6%到15%(直径从47厘米下降到40厘米，高度从31厘米下降到29厘米)。Montastraea属大型造礁生物的相对丰度下降，而Agaricia和Porites属较小珊瑚的相对丰度增加。随着时间的推移，疾病流行率有所上升，2003.5年至少发生了一次相对较大的漂白事件(影响到10%的珊瑚)。平均活珊瑚覆盖率在海洋禁捕保护区内(从29%到19%)和海洋保护区外(从24%到14%)是相似的。在保护区和非保护区之间，没有观察到疾病患病率或漂白频率的明显差异。结论是，需要更全面的管理战略，以便有效地保护珊瑚群落免遭退化。版权所有(C)2007 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
1. Coral reefs around the world have been deteriorating over decades owing to anthropogenic pressure. In the Caribbean recent rates of decline are alarming, particularly for coral reefs under high local human impact, many of which are severely degraded, although regions with lower direct anthropogenic influence seem less affected.2. Little Cayman is a relatively undeveloped island, with less than 150 permanent residents. About 20% of its reefs have been protected by no-take marine reserves since the mid-1980s. We analysed the dynamics of coral communities around the island from 1999 to 2004 in order to test the hypothesis that a lack of major local anthropogenic disturbances is enough to prevent decline of coral populations.3. Live hard coral coverage, coral diversity, abundance, mortality, size, and prevalence of disease and bleaching were measured using the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment methodology (line transects) at nine sites. Despite the apparent undisturbed condition of the island, a 40% relative reduction of mean live coral coverage (from 26% to 16%, absolute change was 10%) was recorded in five years. Mean mortality varied from year to year from 23% to 27%. Overall mean diameter and height have decreased between 6% and 15% on average (from 47 to 40 cm for diameter, and from 31 to 29 cm for height).4. The relative abundance of large reef builders of the genus Montastraea decreased, while that of smaller corals of the genera Agaricia and Porites increased. Disease prevalence has increased over time, and at least one relatively large bleaching event (affecting 10% of the corals) took place in 2003.5. Mean live coral cover decline was similar inside (from 29% to 19%) and outside (from 24% to 14%) marine no-take reserves. No significant difference in disease prevalence or clear pattern in bleaching frequency was observed between protected and non-protected areas. It is concluded that more comprehensive management strategies are needed in order to effectively protect coral communities from degradation. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.