Financial support for xenotransplantation research.
Financial support for xenotransplantation research.
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对异种移植研究的财政支持。
DOI：
10.1111/xen.12483
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Cooper,DavidKC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooper,DavidKC
在此之前，已经有来自以下制药公司的大量资金：(i) Sandoz/Novartis，最初通过收购英国剑桥的生物技术公司 Imutran），随后通过 BioTransplant 和 Immerge（均位于美国波士顿）的支持，以及 (ii) Baxter（通过美国生物技术公司 Nextran）。在这个早期乐观和热情的时期，这些合并后的制药公司肯定花费了数亿美元来收购和支持这些生物技术公司。为开发生物安全养猪设施分配了大量资金有些过早。 “大型制药公司”退出该领域后，世界范围内的支持主要来自政府来源，尽管在一些国家也有一些重要的企业支持。由于我无法回答我被问到的问题，我联系了几位在异种移植研究领域知名的同事（见下面的致谢），并要求他们向我提供他们自己国家异种移植支出的大致估计。为了历史记录，我在这里总结了这些信息（表 1）。应该强调的是，一些估计，例如美国的企业支持，以及中国的地方政府和企业支持，都是有根据的“猜测”，而不是真实的估计。
Before that date, there had been very considerable funding from such pharmaceutical companies as (i) Sandoz/Novartis, initially through its acquisition of the biotech company, Imutran, in Cambridge in the UK) and subsequently through support of BioTransplant and Immerge (both in Boston, USA), and (ii) Baxter (through the US biotechnology company, Nextran). These combined pharma companies must have spent several hundred million US dollars in acquiring and supporting these biotech companies during this early optimistic and enthusiastic period. Considerable funds were allocated to developing biosecure pig facilities somewhat prematurely. After ‘big pharma’withdrew from the field, support worldwide has come mainly from government sources, though with some significant corporate support in some countries.As I could not answer the question I had been asked, I contacted several colleagues wellknown in the field of xenotransplantation research (see acknowledgement below) and requested them to provide me with approximate estimates of expenditure on xenotransplantation in their own countries. For the historical record, I summarize this information here (Table 1). It should be emphasized that some estimates, eg, corporate support in the USA, and local government and corporate support in China, are informed ‘guesstimates’ rather than true estimates.