The Use of Small Area Estimates in Place-Based Health Research
The Use of Small Area Estimates in Place-Based Health Research
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2020.305611
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Xingyou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kong, Amanda Y.;Zhang, Xingyou
人们对建筑环境对健康行为、结果和差异的影响越来越感兴趣，统计建模技术的不断发展使研究人员能够更好地研究这些关系。然而，如果没有足够的数据，可以在较小的地理级别上识别（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，人口普查区），基于地点的健康研究人员无法可靠地估计这些更细粒度和潜在的更显着的邻里水平的健康结果的患病率。当可靠的直接调查估计无法产生，因为小样本或缺乏样本，估计基于小区域估计技术经常使用。随着基于地点的健康研究以及小面积估计数的编制和二次使用的增加，研究人员必须了解用于编制这些估计数的基本方法及其局限性。如果没有这个基础，研究人员可能会适合不适当的模型，或解释的调查结果inaccurately.作为一个示范性的例子，我们集中在小区域的健康指标估计最近产生的500个城市项目的罗伯特·伍德约翰逊基金会，疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）和CDC基金会的讨论。
Interest in the impact of the built environment on health behaviors, outcomes, and disparities is increasing, and the growing development of statistical modeling techniques has allowed researchers to better investigate these relationships. However, without enough data that are identifiable at smaller geographic levels (e. g., census tract), place-based health researchers are unable to reliably estimate the prevalence of a health outcome at these more granular and potentially more salient neighborhood levels.When reliable direct survey estimates cannot be produced because of small samples or a lack of samples, estimates based on small area estimation techniques are often used. As place-based health research and the production and secondary use of small area estimates increase, it is critical that researchers understand both the underlying methods used to create these estimates and their limitations. Without this foundation, researchers may fit inappropriate models, or interpret findings inaccurately.As a demonstrative example, we focus this discussion on the small area health indicator estimates recently produced through the 500 Cities Project by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC Foundation.