Analysis of Direct Recycling Methods for Retired Lithium-ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles
Analysis of Direct Recycling Methods for Retired Lithium-ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.118
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yu Wang;Q. Zhai;C. Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yu Wang;Q. Zhai;C. Yuan
电动汽车（EV）车队的快速扩张要求大量锂离子电池在其寿命结束时被回收。已经开发或正在开发各种回收方法，以从退役锂离子电池中回收高价值材料。在这些方法中，已经开发并报道了直接再循环技术以再循环电池材料用于在新电池制造中再利用，因为再循环材料的电化学性质可以完全恢复到原始材料的相同水平。在文献中，已经开发了创新的烧结工艺以回收废阴极材料的组成和晶体结构;已经报道了水热再生工艺以在中等温度下在溶剂中再生废阴极材料，然后进行高温短退火工艺。再生的正极材料显示出与原始材料相同的比容量和循环性能。采用电化学再生方法，使晶体结构稳定的正极材料的电化学性能得到充分恢复。虽然直接回收技术仍在开发中，但其未来在工业中的应用仍不清楚。本研究的目的是分类和总结的直接回收方法的最新进展，并评估再生正极材料的性能和应用潜力，用于制造新的锂离子电池在未来。研究结果将有助于加深对直接回收技术的理解，并促进相关的研发，以促进未来电动汽车退役锂离子电池直接回收工艺的工业规模化。
The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) fleet calls for large number of lithium-ion batteries to be recycled at their end-of-life. Various recycling methods have been developed or under development to recover the high-value materials from retired lithium-ion batteries. Amongst these methods, direct recycling techniques have been developed and reported to recycle battery materials for reuse in new battery manufacturing since the electrochemical properties of the recycled materials can be fully recovered to the same level of pristine materials. In literature, innovative sintering processes have been developed to recover the composition and crystal structure of spent cathode materials; hydrothermal regeneration processes have been reported to regenerate the spent cathode materials in the solvents at a moderate temperature, followed by the high-temperature short annealing process. The regenerated cathode materials show the same specific capacity and cycling performance as those of pristine materials. The electrochemical regeneration method is applied to fully recover the electrochemical performance of cathode material with stable crystal structure. While the direct recycling techniques are still under development, their future applications in industry are still not clear. This study aims to classify and summarize state-of-the-art of the direct recycling methods, and evaluate the regenerated cathode materials’ performance and the application potential to be used for manufacturing of new lithium-ion batteries in future. The results will help increase understanding of the direct recycling technologies and facilitate the associated R&D for future industrial scaling-up of direct recycling processes for retired lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles.