Cardiac histopathological and immunohistochemical changes due to electric injury in rats
Cardiac histopathological and immunohistochemical changes due to electric injury in rats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.007
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Omran, Ghada Ali
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghandour, Nagwa M.;Refaiy, Abeer E.;Omran, Ghada Ali
在没有可辨认的皮肤痕迹或明确的死后形态学发现的情况下，确定电击造成的死亡原因一直是一项令人困惑的法医工作。在法医病理学中，虽然经典的宏观和微观形态学仍然是调查死亡的核心程序，但已经开发并纳入了各种辅助措施来详细说明病理学。C-fos是一小群称为初级反应基因的基因之一，其蛋白产物fos是复杂信号机制的关键元件，据信负责细胞对刺激的反应。研究发现c-fos在心肌损伤中起重要作用，并与损伤修复密切相关。本研究的目的是检测大鼠致死性和非致死性电击伤后心肌的组织病理学变化，并探讨c-fos表达在区分生前和死后电击伤中的潜在作用。选用成年雌性大鼠40只，随机分为A、B、C、D四组。组（A）大鼠接受瞬间死前电击，并在颈椎脱位前立即（A（1））或1小时后（A（2））收集其心脏。（B）组大鼠死后即刻电击，立即（B-1）或1小时后（B-2）收集心脏;（C）组大鼠电击至死亡，立即（C-1）或1小时后（C-2）收集心脏。最后，另一组大鼠作为对照组（D组）。亚组（D-1）：处死前钳夹不通电，另一组处死后钳夹不通电。将所有组的心脏切片固定在福尔马林中并进行常规处理。免疫组化法检测各组c-fos癌基因表达。在A组和C组中检测到显著的组织病理学结果。A（1）组和（B-1）组大鼠心肌细胞核内可见少量c-fos癌基因蛋白阳性细胞。此外，观察到C-1、C-2和A（2）组大鼠中的表达增加。对照组（D-1和D-2组）和B-2组均未见c-fos蛋白表达。死前电击伤组（A（1）、A（2））与死后电击伤组（B-1、B-2）c-fos表达差异有显著性（p < 0.001）。因此，除了经典的组织病理学方法外，c-fos可作为鉴定电击伤的靶点，并可作为区分生前和死后电击的指标。(C)2014年爱思唯尔有限公司和法医与法律的医学学院。All rights reserved.
It has been a puzzling forensic task to determine the cause of death as a result of electric shock in the absence of recognizable skin marks or definite postmortem morphological findings. In forensic pathology, while classical macroscopic and microscopic morphology remain core procedures to investigate deaths, a variety of subsidiary measures has been developed and incorporated to detail that pathology. C-fos, one of a small group of genes called primary response genes and its protein product, fos, are crucial elements of complex signaling mechanisms believed to be responsible for cell response to stimulation. It has been found that c-fos plays a significant role in myocardial lesions, and has close relation to injury repair of the molecule. The aim of this study was to detect the histopathological findings in the myocardium after fatal and non-fatal electrical injury in rats and to investigate the potential role of c-fos expression using immunohistochemistry to distinguish antemortem from postmortem electrocution. Forty adult female rats were implemented and randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). Group (A) rats were subjected to instantaneous antemortem electricity and their hearts were collected either immediately (A(1)) or after an hour (A(2)) before being subjected to cervical dislocation. Group (B) rats were electrically injured instantaneously postmortem, hearts were collected immediately (B-1) or an hour later (B-2) while Group (C) rats were electrified up to death, and their hearts were also gathered either immediately (C-1) or after an hour (C-2) from electrocution. Lastly, another group of rats served as a control group (Group D). Subgroup (D-1): rats were clamped but not electrified, before death and another group of rats were clamped but not electrified, after being killed by cervical dislocation. Sections from the hearts of all groups were fixed in formalin and routinely processed. The c-fos oncogene expression was evaluated in all groups by immunohistochemistry. Significant histopathological findings were detected in groups A and C. Few c-fos oncogene protein positive cardiomyocyte nuclei were seen in rats of groups (A(1)) and (B-1). Additionally, increased expression in rats of groups C-1, C-2 and A(2) were observed. On the other hand, no c-fos protein expression was seen either in the control (groups D-1 and D-2) or in group B-2. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in c-fos expression were observed among rats of groups with antemortem electric injury (A(1), A(2)) and those of postmortem injury (B-1 and B-2). Thus, in addition to classical histopathological methods, c-fos can be regarded as a target in identifying electrical injury, and can be used as an indicator to distinguish antemortem from postmortem electric shock. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.