Increased extreme humid heat hazard faced by agricultural workers
Increased extreme humid heat hazard faced by agricultural workers
复制标题
农业工人面临的极端湿热危险增加
DOI：
10.1088/2515-7620/ad028d
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Coffel, Ethan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diaz, Connor D.;Ting, Mingfang;Horton, Radley;Singh, Deepti;Rogers, Cassandra D. W.;Coffel, Ethan
在世界上依赖农业的地区，受极端湿热影响的人口增加凸显了了解极端湿热的位置和时间如何与劳动密集型农业活动相交的重要性。农业工人由于其工作的户外和体力性质以及综合社会经济因素，极易受到与热有关的健康和生产力影响。在这里，我们确定了农业工人遭受极端湿热危害最大的地区、作物和季节。利用12种作物的日最高湿球温度数据，以及特定区域的农业日历和耕地面积，我们量化了1979年至2019年期间每种作物种植和收获季节的极端湿热天数。我们发现，水稻（一种极度劳动密集型的作物）和玉米农田遭受危险湿热的程度最大（综合暴露于50 - 27℃湿球温度的农田面积），2001-2019年稻田和玉米农田的平均暴露程度分别是1979-2000年平均暴露程度的1.8倍和1.9倍。在社会经济脆弱地区，包括东南亚、赤道南美洲、印度-恒河盆地、墨西哥沿海地区和几内亚湾北部沿海地区，作物遭受这些极端天气的频率最高，在某些地区，作物种植期间每年的极端湿热天数超过60天。与世界其他地区相比，它们的趋势也更高，某些地区的极端湿热天数每十年增加15天以上。我们对劳动密集型农业季节极端湿热危害的作物和特定地点分析，可以为制定政策和努力提供信息，以减少对这一对全球粮食系统至关重要的弱势群体的不利健康和生产力影响。
Increases in population exposure to humid heat extremes in agriculturally-dependent areas of the world highlights the importance of understanding how the location and timing of humid heat extremes intersects with labor-intensive agricultural activities. Agricultural workers are acutely vulnerable to heat-related health and productivity impacts as a result of the outdoor and physical nature of their work and by compounding socio-economic factors. Here, we identify the regions, crops, and seasons when agricultural workers experience the highest hazard from extreme humid heat. Using daily maximum wet-bulb temperature data, and region-specific agricultural calendars and cropland area for 12 crops, we quantify the number of extreme humid heat days during the planting and harvesting seasons for each crop between 1979–2019. We find that rice, an extremely labor-intensive crop, and maize croplands experienced the greatest exposure to dangerous humid heat (integrating cropland area exposed to> 27 C wet-bulb temperatures), with 2001–2019 mean rice and maize cropland exposure increasing 1.8 and 1.9 times the 1979–2000 mean exposure, respectively. Crops in socio-economically vulnerable regions, including Southeast Asia, equatorial South America, the Indo-Gangetic Basin, coastal Mexico, and the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea, experience the most frequent exposure to these extremes, in certain areas exceeding 60 extreme humid heat days per year when crops are being cultivated. They also experience higher trends relative to other world regions, with certain areas exceeding a 15 day per decade increase in extreme humid heat days. Our crop and location-specific analysis of extreme humid heat hazards during labor-intensive agricultural seasons can inform the design of policies and efforts to reduce the adverse health and productivity impacts on this vulnerable population that is crucial to the global food system.