Parenting and the development of effortful control from early childhood to early adolescence: A transactional developmental model.
Parenting and the development of effortful control from early childhood to early adolescence: A transactional developmental model.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579416000341
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Owen L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tiberio SS;Capaldi DM;Kerr DC;Bertrand M;Pears KC;Owen L
控制力差是导致行为问题的一个关键气质因素。儿童努力控制与积极养育和消极管教的双向关联在大约 3 岁至 13-14 岁之间进行了研究，涉及 5 个时间点，并使用了俄勒冈州青年研究-三代研究中父母和儿童的数据（N = 来自 150 个家庭的 318 名儿童）。基于动态发展系统方法，假设养育和孩子的努力控制之间存在并发关联，以及从养育的各个方面到努力控制以及从努力控制到养育的各个方面的双向效应。还假设这种关联在儿童早期（3 至 7 岁）会更加强烈，而在较大年龄（11-12 岁至 13-14 岁）的影响会明显减弱，表明这种关联会减弱。还测试了纵向反馈或中介效应。研究结果支持 (a) 每个结构在多个发育时期的稳定性； (b) 并发关联，在年龄较大时明显较弱； (c) 双向效应，与年龄较小的儿童的努力控制影响养育方式的解释一致，而在较大的儿童年龄，养育方式影响努力的控制； (d) 交易效应，即童年晚期的母亲养育是一种解释儿童从童年中期到青春期早期努力控制能力发展的机制。
Poor effortful control is a key temperamental factor underlying behavioral problems. The bidirectional association of child effortful control with both positive parenting and negative discipline was examined from ages approximately 3 to 13–14 years, involving 5 time points, and using data from parents and children in the Oregon Youth Study-Three Generational Study (N = 318 children from 150 families). Based on a dynamic developmental systems approach, it was hypothesized that there would be concurrent associations between parenting and child effortful control and bidirectional effects across time from each aspect of parenting to effortful control and from effortful control to each aspect of parenting. It was also hypothesized that associations would be more robust in early childhood, from ages 3 to 7 years, and would diminish as indicated by significantly weaker effects at the older ages, 11–12 to 13–14 years. Longitudinal feedback or mediated effects were also tested. Findings supported (a) stability in each construct over multiple developmental periods; (b) concurrent associations, which were significantly weaker at the older ages; (c) bidirectional effects, consistent with the interpretation that at younger ages children’s effortful control influenced parenting, whereas at older child ages, parenting influenced effortful control; and (d) a transactional effect, such that maternal parenting in late childhood was a mechanism explaining children’s development of effortful control from midchildhood to early adolescence.