Exploiting Drosophila genetics to understand microRNA function and regulation.
Exploiting Drosophila genetics to understand microRNA function and regulation.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-387038-4.00008-2
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lai EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai Q;Smibert P;Lai EC
尽管人们对动物细胞中microRNA（miRNAs）的身份、生物起源和靶向能力了解很多，但对它们在生物体水平上的功能需求知之甚少。关于miRNA对于显性表型的必要性、关键miRNA靶点的身份以及miRNA转录的控制，仍有许多问题需要了解。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个概述的遗传策略，研究果蝇系统中的miRNA，包括损失和获得的功能技术，遗传相互作用的策略，和转基因报告的miRNA的表达和活性。当我们在完整的果蝇中说明这些技术的使用时，我们看到了miRNA功能的某些反复出现的主题，包括能量稳态，凋亡抑制，生长控制和核心细胞信号通路的调节。总的来说，我们希望这篇果蝇遗传学家所熟知的、用于研究所有基因的果蝇遗传技术的文章，能够为关注其他生物化学、分子、计算和结构途径的一般miRNA社区提供信息。显然，正是这些无数技术的结合加速了miRNA研究的非凡步伐。
Although a great deal is known about the identity, biogenesis, and targeting capacity of microRNAs (miRNAs) in animal cells, far less is known about their functional requirements at the organismal level. Much remains to be understood about the necessity of miRNAs for overt phenotypes, the identity of critical miRNA targets, and the control of miRNA transcription. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic strategies to study miRNAs in the Drosophila system, including loss- and gain-of-function techniques, genetic interaction strategies, and transgenic reporters of miRNA expression and activity. As we illustrate the usage of these techniques in intact Drosophila, we see certain recurrent themes for miRNA functions, including energy homeostasis, apoptosis suppression, growth control, and regulation of core cell signaling pathways. Overall, we hope that this exposition of Drosophila genetic techniques, well-known to the legions of fly geneticists and used to study all genes, can inform the general miRNA community that focuses on other biochemical, molecular, computational, and structural avenues. Clearly, it is the combination of these myriad techniques that has accelerated miRNA research to its extraordinary pace.