A neural basis for gyroscopic force measurement in the halteres of Holorusia
A neural basis for gyroscopic force measurement in the halteres of Holorusia
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DOI：
10.1007/s00359-008-0361-z
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Daniel, T. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, J. L.;Daniel, T. L.
双翅类的飞行需要快速获取机械感官信息，这些信息是由经过修饰的后翅提供的。Halteres经历由身体旋转时产生的科里奥利力产生的扭矩。尽管生物力学和行为学数据表明，笼头马可以检测科里奥利力，但关于这些力或任何其他力的神经编码的数据很少。当它在一个平面上振荡而在另一个平面上旋转时，会产生科里奥利力，并以振荡频率和振荡频率的两倍发生。利用机械刺激下haltere初级传入反应的单纤维记录，我们发现峰值速率随刺激频率线性增加，直至150hz，远高于自然振荡频率40hz的两倍。此外，在测试的整个频率范围内，峰值定时精度非常高。这些特征表明传入事件具有高速和高精度的响应，这些神经特征对于检测科里奥利力是有用的。此外，我们发现神经元对特定的刺激方向有优先反应，大多数神经元对正交平面的刺激反应更强烈。方向灵敏度，加上精确、高速的编码，表明haltere事件能够提供发生在haltere基地的力的信息，包括科里奥利力。
Dipteran flight requires rapid acquisition of mechanosensory information provided by modified hindwings known as halteres. Halteres experience torques resulting from Coriolis forces that arise during body rotations. Although biomechanical and behavioral data indicate that halteres detect Coriolis forces, there are scant data regarding neural encoding of these or any other forces. Coriolis forces arise on the haltere as it oscillates in one plane while rotating in another, and occur at oscillation frequency and twice the oscillation frequency. Using single-fiber recordings of haltere primary afferent responses to mechanical stimuli, we show that spike rate increases linearly with stimulation frequency up to 150 Hz, much higher than twice the natural oscillation frequency of 40 Hz. Furthermore, spike-timing precision is extremely high throughout the frequency range tested. These characteristics indicate that afferents respond with high speed and high precision, neural features that are useful for detecting Coriolis forces. Additionally, we found that neurons respond preferentially to specific stimulus directions, with most responding more strongly to stimulation in the orthogonal plane. Directional sensitivity, coupled with precise, high-speed encoding, suggests that haltere afferents are capable of providing information about forces occurring at the haltere base, including Coriolis forces.