Can laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies predict cancer in exposed children?
Can laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies predict cancer in exposed children?
复制标题
实验动物致癌性研究能否预测暴露儿童的癌症？
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
D. P. Rall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. P. Rall
预防儿童癌症的关键是控制儿童接触的致癌物。这个过程的第一步是确定那些可能导致儿童癌症的化学物质。如今，识别致癌物的最佳方法是使用啮齿动物终生癌症测试--生物测定。该测试有声音批评，但如果使用得当，是足够可靠的。也许主要的批评涉及使用最大耐受剂量作为最高试验剂量。批评者声称，这种剂量会导致细胞死亡。由此产生的细胞增殖“修复”了可能导致癌症的先前存在的突变。这种情况只发生在一小部分试验中，高剂量是达到统计灵敏度所必需的。所有人类致癌物都已被证明，当适当研究时，对啮齿动物也有致癌性。许多人类致癌物首先在啮齿动物试验中被证明会致癌。监管机构很少禁止已被证明致癌的化学品。此外，目前使用的大多数化学品都没有经过适当的测试。与限制化学品影响的经济预测相比，啮齿动物癌症测试的潜在误差似乎很小。虽然不是完美的，啮齿动物癌症测试，如果使用得当，可以帮助保护我们的孩子，和我们，从癌症。
A key to the prevention of childhood cancer is the control of carcinogens to which children are exposed. The first step in this process is to identify those chemicals that are likely to cause cancer in children. The best way to identify carcinogens, today, is the use of the rodent lifetime cancer test--the bioassay. The test has vocal critics, but is adequately reliable if properly used. Perhaps the major criticism concerns the use of the maximum tolerated dose as the highest dose tested. Critics claim that this dose causes cellular killing. The resultant cellular proliferation "fixes" preexisting mutations that can lead to cancer. This occurs but in a small fraction of the tests, and the high dose is necessary to achieve statistical sensitivity. All human carcinogens have been shown, when properly studied, to be carcinogenic in rodents. Many human carcinogens were first shown to cause cancer in rodent tests. Regulators rarely ban chemicals that have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic. Further, most chemicals in use today have not been properly tested. The potential errors in the rodent cancer test seem small when compared to the errors in the economic projections of the effects of restricting chemicals. Although not perfect, the rodent cancer test, when used properly, can help protect our children, and us, from cancer.
沉默：石棉工业和早期职业癌症研究——案例研究。
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Lilienfeld,DE
通讯作者：
Lilienfeld,DE