The hyperpnoea of exercise in health: Respiratory influences on neurovascular control
The hyperpnoea of exercise in health: Respiratory influences on neurovascular control
复制标题
健康运动中的呼吸过度：呼吸对神经血管控制的影响
DOI：
10.1113/ep088103
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Katayama Keisho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheel A. William;Taylor Joshua Landen;Katayama Keisho
新发现本次审查的主题是什么？在全身运动引起的呼吸过度期间，对呼吸肌的需求增加。在呼吸和运动骨骼肌的心血管控制的神经调节中，需求增加的作用是什么？涉及的机制是什么？它突出了哪些进步？在接近最大运动量时，交感神经抑制运动肌肉的血流，这可能起到维持血压的作用。在亚极量运动中，如果呼吸负荷足够高，呼吸肌血流量也可能减少。方法学的进步（吲哚菁绿色的近红外光谱）证实，当呼吸的工作被减轻时，血流从呼吸肌转移开。AbstractIt是已知的，呼吸肌在全身耐力运动期间具有与呼吸过度一致的显著增加的需氧量，并且容易疲劳，与运动肌的方式大致相同。通风的行为本身可以被认为是一种锻炼。在接近最大运动时操纵呼吸负荷显著改变了腿部血流量，证明了不同骨骼肌血管床之间的竞争关系，以有限的心输出量充分灌注两组肌肉。近年来，问题已经转向在次极量运动期间是否存在这种效应，以及使用呼吸肌血流量本身的更直接测量来证实支持这一概念的假设。迄今为止的证据表明，在呼吸肌本身观察到的呼吸负荷操作期间，血流再分布存在相互影响，并且在次极量运动期间可以观察到这种影响，其中在模拟高呼吸功的条件下，主动肢体血流减少。这对于患有呼吸疾病和心力衰竭的人群具有临床应用，其中呼吸功非常高，即使在次最大努力期间也是如此。
New FindingsWhat is the topic of this review?Elevated demand is placed on the respiratory muscles during whole‐body exercise‐induced hyperpnoea. What is the role of elevated demand in neural modulation of cardiovascular control in respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscle, and what are the mechanisms involved?What advances does it highlight?There is a sympathetic restraint of blood flow to locomotor muscles during near‐maximal exercise, which might function to maintain blood pressure. During submaximal exercise, respiratory muscle blood flow might be also be reduced if ventilatory load is sufficiently high. Methodological advances (near‐infrared spectroscopy with indocyanine green) confirm that blood flow is diverted away from respiratory muscles when the work of breathing is alleviated.AbstractIt is known that the respiratory muscles have a significant increasing oxygen demand in line with hyperpnoea during whole‐body endurance exercise and are susceptible to fatigue, in much the same way as locomotor muscles. The act of ventilation can itself be considered a form of exercise. The manipulation of respiratory load at near‐maximal exercise alters leg blood flow significantly, demonstrating a competitive relationship between different skeletal muscle vascular beds to perfuse both sets of muscles adequately with a finite cardiac output. In recent years, the question has moved towards whether this effect exists during submaximal exercise, and the use of more direct measurements of respiratory muscle blood flow itself to confirm assumptions that uphold the concept. Evidence thus far has shown that there is a reciprocal effect on blood flow redistribution during ventilatory load manipulation observed at the respiratory muscles themselves and that the effect is observable during submaximal exercise, where active limb blood flow was reduced in conditions that simulated a high work of breathing. This has clinical applications for populations with respiratory disease and heart failure, where the work of breathing is remarkably high, even during submaximal efforts.