Protein phosphatases in pancreatic islets.
Protein phosphatases in pancreatic islets.
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DOI：
10.1530/joe-14-0002
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sjöholm Å
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ortsäter H;Grankvist N;Honkanen RE;Sjöholm Å
糖尿病的患病率在世界范围内迅速增加。大多数形式的糖尿病的主要特征是缺乏胰岛素产生能力，这是由于产生胰岛素的β细胞的损失、β细胞的葡萄糖敏感性胰岛素分泌受损或其组合，其原因在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。可逆磷酸化是调节许多细胞内蛋白的生物活性的重要且通用的机制，其反过来控制多种细胞功能。例如，蛋白激酶活性和蛋白磷酸化模式的显著变化发生在葡萄糖刺激胰岛素释放之后。因此，β细胞胰岛素分泌过程中蛋白磷酸化的分子调控机制已被广泛研究。然而，对各种蛋白磷酸酶对蛋白质去磷酸化的作用和调节知之甚少。在这里，我们审查现有的数据涉及丝氨酸/苏氨酸和酪氨酸磷酸酶在健康和糖尿病胰岛生物学的各个方面，从激素刺激分泌耦合到有丝分裂和细胞凋亡的控制。
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly world-wide. A cardinal feature of most forms of diabetes is the lack of insulin-producing capability, due to the loss of insulin-producing β-cells, impaired glucose-sensitive insulin secretion from the β-cell, or a combination thereof, the reasons for which largely remain elusive. Reversible phosphorylation is an important and versatile mechanism for regulating the biological activity of many intracellular proteins, which, in turn, controls a variety of cellular functions. For instance, significant changes in protein kinase activities and in protein phosphorylation patterns occur subsequent to stimulation of insulin release by glucose. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms regulating phosphorylation of proteins involved in the insulin secretory process by the β-cell have been extensively investigated. However, far less is known about the role and regulation of protein dephosphorylation by various protein phosphatases. Herein we review extant data implicating serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases in various aspects of healthy and diabetic islet biology, ranging from control of hormonal stimulus-secretion coupling to mitogenesis and apoptosis.