ROLE OF LIGHT IN HUMAN SKIN COLOR VARIATION
ROLE OF LIGHT IN HUMAN SKIN COLOR VARIATION
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1330430321
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
JIMBOW, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
QUEVEDO, WC;FITZPATRICK, TB;JIMBOW, K
人类皮肤颜色的主要来源来自表皮内存在的专门携带黑色素的细胞器，即黑素体。暴露于紫外线下的人类皮肤晒黑是由于表皮内黑色素量增加所致。由黑素细胞合成的黑素体由角质形成细胞获得并在角质形成细胞内转运至表皮表面。在某些情况下，黑素体在途中被分解代谢。新的信息表明，多细胞表皮黑色素单位（黑素细胞和相关的角质形成细胞池），而不是单独的黑素细胞是控制哺乳动物表皮内黑色素代谢的焦点。总的人类皮肤颜色来自于许多表皮黑色素单位的黑色素沉着的总和的视觉影响。在理论上，人类的组成性肤色是指在不暴露于太阳辐射或其他环境影响的情况下产生的遗传决定的黑色素沉着水平;兼性肤色或“棕褐色”表征由紫外线诱导的黑色素沉着水平以上的增加。表皮黑色素单位内色素代谢的遗传调节的细节正在澄清。至少在某些哺乳动物中，表皮黑色素单位的功能受到激素的显著影响，这些激素可以通过眼睛接受的辐射来调节。基于人类家族超过千万年的进化历史，有人提出黑色素沉着可能在人类适应不断变化的生物和物理环境中发挥了许多作用。
The major source of color in human skin derives from the presence within the epidermis of specialized melanin-bearing organelles, the melanosomes. Tanning of human skin on exposure to ultraviolet light results from increased amounts of melanin within the epidermis. Melanosomes synthesized by melanocytes are acquired by keratinocytes and transported within them to the epidermal surface. In some cases, the melanosomes are catabolized en route. New information indicates that the multicellular epidermal melanin unit (melanocyte and associated pool of keratinocytes) rather than the melanocyte alone is the focal point for the control of melanin metabolism within mammalian epidermis. Gross human skin color derives from the visual impact of the summed melanin pigmentation of the many epidermal melanin units. In theory, constitutive skin color in man designates the genetically-determined levels of melanin pigmentation developed in the absence of exposure to solar radiations or other environmental influences; facultative skin color or “tan” characterizes the increases in melanin pigmentation above the constitutive level induced by ultraviolet light. The details of genetic regulation of pigment metabolism within the epidermal melanin units are being clarified. In some mammals at least, the function of epidermal melanin units is significantly influenced by hormones which may be regulated by radiations received through the eyes. Based on an evolutionary history of the human family which exceeds ten million years, it is proposed that melanin pigmentation may have played a number of roles in human adaptations to changing biologic and physical environments.