HOUSING INEQUALITY AND UNDERLYING FACTORS IN URBAN CHINA: A STUDY BASED ON PANEL DATA OF THE NBS SURVEY (2004–2007)
HOUSING INEQUALITY AND UNDERLYING FACTORS IN URBAN CHINA: A STUDY BASED ON PANEL DATA OF THE NBS SURVEY (2004–2007)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1142/9789814401708_0014
复制
发表时间：
2012-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Erbiao Dai;Jinjun Xue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erbiao Dai;Jinjun Xue
20世纪80年代以来，随着住房制度市场化改革，中国城镇住房条件显着改善。另一方面，人们普遍认为，市场机制的引入导致了城市家庭住房不平等的加剧。本文基于国家统计局调查（2004-2007年）的面板数据，考察了中国城镇住房不平等的近期趋势，并分析了市场化改革和传统制度的影响。通过测算两类住房指标的基尼系数，我们发现，2004年至2007年期间，城镇家庭住房不平等存在着加剧的趋势。然而，不平等的加剧并不仅仅是市场化改革的结果。面板分析结果表明，虽然家庭收入和户主收入对拥有市价（即高价）住房的概率有正向影响，但拥有低价住房的概率很大程度上受到家庭成员就业部门、户口等非收入因素的影响。总体而言，收入和非收入家庭特征都会影响拥有住房的概率以及房屋面积（房屋建筑面积）。这意味着中国城市住房不平等的加剧应该被视为持续的市场化改革和一些传统制度的持续影响的综合结果。
With the market-oriented reform of the housing system since the 1ate 1980s, the housing condition in urban China has improved significantly. On the other hand, it is widely believed that the introduction of market mechanisms has led to the rise of housing inequality among urban households. Based on panel data of the NBS survey (2004–2007), this paper examines recent trends in housing inequality in urban China and analyzes the influence of the market-oriented reform and traditional institutions. By measuring the Gini coefficient of two types of housing indicators, we find that in the period from 2004 to 2007 there exists a rising trend in housing inequality among urban households. However, the rise of inequality is not simply the result of the market-oriented reform. The results of the panel analysis show that, although household income and household head income have positive effects on the probability of owning a market-price (i.e., high price) house, the probability of owning a low-price house is heavily affected by some non-income factors including household member employment sectors and Hukou (registered residence status). As a whole, both income and non-income household characteristics have effects on the probability of home ownership as well as on the house size (house floor space). It means that the rising housing inequality in urban China should be regarded as the combined result of influence from ongoing market-oriented reforms and the persisting impact of some traditional systems.