Having Two Ears Facilitates the Perceptual Separation of Concurrent Talkers for Bilateral and Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implantees.
Having Two Ears Facilitates the Perceptual Separation of Concurrent Talkers for Bilateral and Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implantees.
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000000284
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Brungart DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein JG;Goupell MJ;Schuchman GI;Rivera AL;Brungart DS
聆听多个相互干扰的说话者的语音需要将目标声音从干扰性背景中进行知觉分离。听力正常（NH）的听者能够利用相互竞争的声源在空间位置上的感知差异来促进这一过程。先前的研究表明，双侧（BI）人工耳蜗（CI）使用者无法做到这一点，并且单侧耳聋的人工耳蜗使用者（SSD - CI；一只耳朵有听力，一只耳朵使用人工耳蜗）是否具备这种能力尚不明确。本研究探讨了通过人工耳蜗植入提供第二只耳朵是否能够促进在涉及多个相互竞争的说话者的聆听情境中对目标和干扰源的知觉分离。
要求双侧人工耳蜗使用者和单侧耳聋人工耳蜗使用者从与一个或两个干扰说话者混合的目标说话者中识别语音。在基线单耳条件下，目标语音和干扰源被呈现给其中一个人工耳蜗（对于双侧人工耳蜗使用者）或有听力的耳朵（对于单侧耳聋人工耳蜗使用者）。在双侧条件下，目标仍然呈现给第一只耳朵，但干扰源同时呈现给目标耳和听者的第二只耳朵（始终是人工耳蜗），从而测试人工耳蜗使用者是否能够利用从第二只耳朵获得的关于干扰源的信息来促进目标和干扰源的知觉分离。
将干扰信号的副本呈现给第二只耳朵提高了表现，最多可达4 - 5分贝（12 - 18个百分点），但提高的程度取决于干扰源的类型。对于双侧人工耳蜗使用者，提高主要发生在涉及一个干扰说话者的条件下，无论性别如何。对于单侧耳聋人工耳蜗使用者，提高发生在涉及与目标性别相同的一个或两个干扰说话者的条件下。这种相互作用与这样一种观点相符，即单侧耳聋人工耳蜗使用者能够利用其听力正常的耳朵中的音调线索来分离异性的目标和干扰源，而双侧人工耳蜗使用者则不能。
这些结果表明，在单耳线索不足以区分竞争说话者的情况下，通过人工耳蜗获得的第二个听觉输入能够促进对竞争说话者的知觉分离，从而部分恢复了拥有两只耳朵的一个关键优势，而此前人们认为人工耳蜗使用者无法获得这一优势。
Listening to speech with multiple competing talkers requires the perceptual separation of the target voice from the interfering background. Normal-hearing (NH) listeners are able to take advantage of perceived differences in the spatial locations of competing sound sources to facilitate this process. Previous research suggests that bilateral (BI) cochlear-implant (CI) listeners cannot do so, and it is unknown whether single-sided deaf CI users (SSD-CI; one acoustic and one CI ear) have this ability. This study investigated whether providing a second ear via cochlear implantation can facilitate the perceptual separation of targets and interferers in a listening situation involving multiple competing talkers. BI-CI and SSD-CI listeners were required to identify speech from a target talker mixed with one or two interfering talkers. In the baseline monaural condition, the target speech and the interferers were presented to one of the CIs (for the BI-CI listeners) or to the acoustic ear (for the SSD-CI listeners). In the bilateral condition, the target was still presented to the first ear but the interferers were presented to both the target ear and the listener's second ear (always a CI), thereby testing whether CI listeners could use information about the interferer obtained from a second ear to facilitate perceptual separation of the target and interferer. Presenting a copy of the interfering signals to the second ear improved performance, up to 4-5 dB (12-18 percentage points), but the amount of improvement depended on the type of interferer. For BI-CI listeners, the improvement occurred mainly in conditions involving one interfering talker, regardless of gender. For SSD-CI listeners, the improvement occurred in conditions involving one or two interfering talkers of the same gender as the target. This interaction is consistent with the idea that the SSD-CI listeners had access to pitch cues in their NH ear to separate the opposite-gender target and interferers, while the BI-CI listeners did not. These results suggest that a second auditory input via a CI can facilitate the perceptual separation of competing talkers in situations where monaural cues are insufficient to do so, thus partially restoring a key advantage of having two ears that was previously thought to be inaccessible to CI users.