Nonhuman primate models in AIDS research.
Nonhuman primate models in AIDS research.
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DOI：
10.1097/coh.0b013e328361cee8
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Silvestri G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans DT;Silvestri G
在过去的几十年里，艾滋病的研究在包括发病机制、预防和治疗在内的所有关键领域都取得了巨大的进步。特别是，有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的引入极大地降低了艾滋病毒感染者的发病率和死亡率。另一方面，仍然存在一些挑战，包括缺乏能够可靠地防止病毒感染的疫苗，以及当前的抗逆转录病毒疗法无法根除感染。由于动物模型的广泛使用，特别是各种猴子的SIV和SIV感染的非人类灵长类动物模型的广泛使用，使得艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究的一些关键进展成为可能，包括猕猴、煤烟芒果、马尾猴和其他动物。这些模型的主要优势包括能够控制几乎不可能在人类身上评估的参数，能够广泛研究细胞和组织(包括选择性尸检)，以及执行将在人类身上构成不可接受的安全风险的概念验证研究。在这篇综述中，我们描述了利用动物模型进行HIV/AIDS研究的最新进展，并将这些进展分为三个方面：(I)病毒传播、传播和发病机制的模型；(Ii)病毒预防和疫苗的模型；以及(Iii)ART下的病毒根除和无限期病毒遏制(功能治愈)模型。
Over the past decades, AIDS research has made tremendous progress in all key areas, including pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. In particular, the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected individuals. On the other hand, several challenges remain, including the absence of a vaccine that can reliably prevent virus acquisition, and the inability of current ART regimens to eradicate the infection. A number of key advances in HIV/AIDS research have been made possible by the extensive use of animal models, and in particular the non-human primate models of SIV and SHIV infection of various monkey species, including macaques, sooty mangabeys, vervets, and others. Key advantages of these models include the ability to control for parameters that are virtually impossible to assess in humans, to extensively study cells and tissues (including elective necropsy), and to perform proof-of-concept studies that would pose unacceptable safety risks in humans. In this review, we describe the most recent advances in the use of animal models for HIV/AIDS research, and will break down these advances in three areas: (i) models for virus transmission, dissemination, and pathogenesis; (ii) models for virus prevention and vaccines; and (iii) models for virus eradication and indefinite virus containment (functional cure) under ART.