Three generations of prawns without the Z chromosome: Viable WW Macrobrachium rosenbergii all-female populations in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus
Three generations of prawns without the Z chromosome: Viable WW Macrobrachium rosenbergii all-female populations in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734531
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发表时间：
2020-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sagi, Amir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Molcho, Jonathan;Levy, Tom;Sagi, Amir
罗非鱼已成为越来越受欢迎的水产养殖品种，2016年在超过78个国家生产了420万吨罗非鱼，价值110亿美元（粮农组织，2018年）。与近年来罗非鱼日益受欢迎相平行的是甲壳类物种：联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）报告称，2016年产量约为780万吨（FAO，2018），其中超过23万吨是淡水虾（占甲壳类养殖总量的0.3%），价值17亿美元。鉴于对水产养殖产品的高需求以及对未来几十年需求增长的预测，（Godfray，2010年），人们正在尝试通过不同的方式增加全球产量。除了提高效率和扩大养殖面积的农业技术努力外，多元栽培-在同一生长季节，使用相同的水和土地资源种植一种以上的作物-可能是提高产量的有效方法。这种方法可能特别适用于大型罗非鱼水产养殖业，其估计全球池塘面积为110，830 km 2（Boyd等人，2010年），但它只提供了一个中等收入的相对便宜的罗非鱼的种植者。许多研究已经证明罗非鱼-对虾混养是成功的（Martínez-Porchas等人，二○一○年; Wang和Lu，2016年），罗非鱼占据水柱并以漂浮饲料和浮游动物为食，对虾主要占据池塘的底部区域，在那里它们以底栖植物群和罗非鱼废物为食（Cruz等人，2008年）。对农民来说，这种混养系统的高产量的吸引力因高价值甲壳类物种提供的附加经济价值而进一步增强：在罗非鱼池塘中种植高价值对虾作物可以为种植者的收入和全球水产养殖业的生产力做出重大贡献。此外，如果将罗非鱼和虾的单性种群整合到这种混养方法中，盈利能力可能会进一步增加。
Tilapia has become an increasingly popular aquaculture species, with a crop of 4.2 million tons produced in more than 78 countries at a value of∼ 11 billion USD in 2016 (FAO, 2018). Paralleling this increasing popularity of tilapia in recent years is that of crustacean species: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reported a production of about 7.8 million tons in 2016 (FAO, 2018), of which over 230 thousand tons comprised freshwater prawns (∼ 3% of total crustacean culture) valued at∼ 1.7 billion USD. In light of the high demand for aquaculture products and projections for increases in demand in the coming decades (Godfray, 2010), attempts are underway to increase global production by different means.Alongside agro-technological efforts to increase efficiency and to enlarge culture areas, polyculture–using the same water and land resources for more than one crop during the same growing season–may be an effective methodology to increase yields. Such a methodology may be particularly relevant for the large tilapia aquaculture industry, which has an estimated global pond area of 110,830 km 2 (Boyd et al., 2010), but which provides only a moderate income to the grower from the relatively inexpensive tilapia. A number of studies have demonstrated successful tilapia–prawn polyculture (Martínez-Porchas et al., 2010; Wang and Lu, 2016), with the tilapia occupying the water column and feeding on floating feed and zooplankton, and the prawns mostly occupying the bottom area of the pond, where they feed on benthic flora and tilapia waste (Cruz et al., 2008). For farmers, the attractiveness of the higher yields of such polyculture systems is further enhanced by the added economic value provided by the high-value crustacean species: The incorporation into tilapia ponds of a high-value prawn crop could make a significant contribution both to the growers' income and to the productivity of the global aquaculture industry. Furthermore, if monosex populations of both tilapia and prawns were to be integrated into such a polyculture approach, profitability could be increased even further.