Law of the Jungle in Peru: Indigenous Amazonian Uprising against Neoliberalism
Law of the Jungle in Peru: Indigenous Amazonian Uprising against Neoliberalism
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秘鲁的丛林法则：亚马逊土著反抗新自由主义起义
DOI：
10.1080/08854300903290835
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gerardo Rénique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gerardo Rénique
2009年4月9日至6月19日，秘鲁社会中最边缘化的阶层开始举行抗议，要求关注基本的物质和政治权利，后来演变成一场强大而广泛的土著人民起义。亚马逊人民由于所谓的“野蛮”和缺乏任何形式的文明而被定型为chunchos（盖丘亚语中的“野蛮人”），自共和国成立以来，他们一直处于国家社会的边缘。与此相反，安第斯土著人民被认为是浪漫化的帝国文明的继承者，是谦卑和顺从的工人，他们被纳入占主导地位的克里奥尔民族想象中，尽管是以从属的方式。正如学者罗杰·鲁姆里尔（Roger Rumrill）所指出的那样，在这种背景下，亚马逊河流域的起义成为秘鲁文化和政治形成的“历史转折点”。通过使“所有秘鲁人突然意识到土著和非土著社会之间的可怕分裂”，起义第一次使社会，政治和文化被忽视的亚马逊人民受到关注。亚马逊起义不仅改变了秘鲁的政治格局，而且使亚马逊土著人民成为这一关键政治时刻的最重要行动者。这场斗争还帮助团结了广泛的反新自由主义社会和政治力量，共同拒绝被称为“丛林法则”的立法方案。有争议的立法试图
Between April 9 and June 19, 2009, what started as a protest demanding attention to basic material and political rights by the most marginalized sectors of Peruvian society turned into a powerful and widespread indigenous-popular uprising. Stereotyped as chunchos (“the wild ones” in Quechua language) because of their alleged “wildness” and lack of any form of civilization, Amazonian peoples have been since the foundation of the Republic marginal to national society. In contrast, as reputed inheritors of a romanticized imperial civilization, humble and obedient workers, Andean indigenous peoples were included – albeit in a subordinate manner – in the dominant Creole national imaginary. Set against this background – as noted by scholar Roger Rumrill – the Amazonian uprising stands as an “historical turning point” for Peruvian cultural and political formation. By bringing a “sudden consciousness among all Peruvians of the terrible fracture between Indigenous and nonIndigenous societies,” the uprising brought visibility for the first time to the socially, politically and culturally neglected Amazonian peoples. The Amazonian uprising has not only redrawn Peru’s political landscape; it has made Amazonian indigenous peoples the most important actor in this crucial political conjuncture. The struggle also helped unite a broad field of anti-neoliberal social and political forces around their common rejection of the legislative package popularly known as the “Law of the Jungle.” The disputed legislation sought to