Evolution of preferences in structured populations: Genes, guns, and culture
Evolution of preferences in structured populations: Genes, guns, and culture
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jet.2019.104951
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lehmann, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alger, Ingela;Weibull, Jorgen W.;Lehmann, Laurent
在人类进化的过程中，个体之间的互动主要是在小群体内进行的，这些小群体通过有限的迁徙，有时还通过冲突联系在一起。在这种情况下，哪些偏好（如果有的话）将占主导地位？基于空间结构种群的种群生物学模型，并假设个人的偏好是他们的私人信息，我们描述了这些偏好，一旦建立，不能被替代的偏好。我们用适合度和物质收益来表示这种不可侵犯的偏好。在健康水平上，个体的行为被认为是由自身利益和康德动机的混合驱动的，康德动机根据其他人采取这种行为对自己健康的后果来评估自己的行为。这种康德式的动机从（遗传的或文化的）亲属选择中得到了证实。在物质回报层面，个体的行为似乎部分受到自身利益和康德动机（就物质回报而言）的驱动，但也部分受到对其他群体成员的他人偏好的驱动。后一种动机是由于群体资源有限以及与其他群体发生冲突的风险。我们展示了群体规模、迁移率、群体冲突风险和文化忠诚度如何塑造这些动机的相对优势。(C)2019爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
During human evolution, individuals interacted mostly within small groups that were connected by limited migration and sometimes by conflicts. Which preferences, if any, will prevail in such scenarios? Building on population biology models of spatially structured populations, and assuming individuals' preferences to be their private information, we characterize those preferences that, once established, cannot be displaced by alternative preferences. We represent such uninvadable preferences in terms of fitness and in terms of material payoffs. At the fitness level, individuals can be regarded to act as if driven by a mix of self-interest and a Kantian motive that evaluates own behavior in the light of the consequences for own fitness if others adopted this behavior. This Kantian motive is borne out from (genetic or cultural) kin selection. At the material-payoff level, individuals act as if driven in part by self-interest and a Kantian motive (in terms of material payoffs), but also in part by other-regarding preferences towards other group members. This latter motive is borne out of group resource constraints and the risk of conflict with other groups. We show how group size, the migration rate, the risk of group conflicts, and cultural loyalty shape the relative strengths of these motives. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.