Data-driven lemma synthesis for interactive proofs

Data-driven lemma synthesis for interactive proofs
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用于交互式证明的数据驱动引理合成

DOI:
10.1145/3563306
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Millstein, Todd
Millstein, Todd
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sivaraman, Aishwarya;Sanchez-Stern, Alex;Chen, Bretton;Lerner, Sorin;Millstein, Todd

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定理的交互式证明通常需要辅助引理来证明所需的定理。现有的自动合成辅助引理的方法分为两大类。一些方法是目标导向的,产生引理专门帮助用户从给定的证明状态取得进展,但它们在可以产生的引理方面的表现力有限。其他方法具有很强的表现力,能够从给定的语法生成任意引理,但它们是完全无向的,因此不适合交互使用。关键的新颖性是一种技术,用于将引理综合归结为数据驱动的程序综合问题,从而从当前证明状态生成综合示例。我们还描述了一种系统地为引理合成引入新变量的技术,以及用于过滤和排序候选引理以呈现给用户的技术。我们在一个名为lfind的工具中实现了这些想法,该工具可以作为Coq策略运行。在对四个基准测试套件的评估中,lfind在68%的人类证明者使用引理取得进展的情况下生成了有用的引理。在这些情况下,lfind会合成一个引理,该引理要么支持对原始目标的全自动证明,要么与人类提供的引理匹配。
Interactive proofs of theorems often require auxiliary helper lemmas to prove the desired theorem. Existing approaches for automatically synthesizing helper lemmas fall into two broad categories. Some approaches are goal-directed, producing lemmas specifically to help a user make progress from a given proof state, but they have limited expressiveness in terms of the lemmas that can be produced. Other approaches are highly expressive, able to generate arbitrary lemmas from a given grammar, but they are completely undirected and hence not amenable to interactive usage.In this paper, we develop an approach to lemma synthesis that is both goal-directed and expressive. The key novelty is a technique for reducing lemma synthesis to a data-driven program synthesis problem, whereby examples for synthesis are generated from the current proof state. We also describe a technique to systematically introduce new variables for lemma synthesis, as well as techniques for filtering and ranking candidate lemmas for presentation to the user. We implement these ideas in a tool called lfind, which can be run as a Coq tactic. In an evaluation on four benchmark suites, lfind produces useful lemmas in 68% of the cases where a human prover used a lemma to make progress. In these cases lfind synthesizes a lemma that either enables a fully automated proof of the original goal or that matches the human-provided lemma.
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