Development of the minimal advanced treatments of surface interaction and runoff
Development of the minimal advanced treatments of surface interaction and runoff
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0921-8181(03)00030-4
复制
发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Watanabe, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takata, K;Emori, S;Watanabe, T
陆面模式(LSM)，即地表相互作用和径流的最小深度处理(MATSIRO)，已被开发用于全球和区域尺度的气候研究。冠层只有一层，其反照率和体积系数是在多层冠层模型的基础上评估的。在考虑次网格积雪分布的情况下，从无雪和有雪部分的地面和冠层表面的能量平衡计算了通量。对冠层截留蒸发和基于光合作用的蒸腾作用进行了处理。径流计算采用简化的TOPMODEL模型。根据雪的水当量(SWE)，雪的层数从一到三可变，雪的温度由热传导方程计算。此外，还考虑了积雪融化、积雪融化再冻结和降雨量冻结的影响。在PILPS 2E试验中发现，径流方案中的一些参数，如地表导水率和河道分水率，对地表径流和基流量的分配有相当大的影响。根据上一次降雪以来的时间推移和积雪温度对积雪反照率进行了预测。在这个版本中，土壤有五层，计算了土壤温度、土壤水分和冻结量。(C)2003年，爱思唯尔科学公司出版。
A land surface model (LSM), minimal advanced treatments of surface interaction and runoff (MATSIRO), has been developed for climate studies at the global and regional scales. The canopy has a single layer, whose albedo and bulk coefficients are evaluated on the basis of a multilayer canopy model. The fluxes are calculated from the energy balance at the ground and canopy surfaces in snow-free and snow-covered portions considering the subgrid snow distribution. The interception evaporation from canopy and the transpiration on the basis of photosynthesis are treated. A simplified TOPMODEL is used to calculate runoff. The snow has the variable number of layers from one to three in accordance with snow water equivalent (SWE), and the snow temperature is calculated by a thermal conduction equation. Besides, the snowmelt, the refreeze of snowmelt, and the freeze of rainfall in snow are taken into consideration. It is found in the PILPS 2e experiment that some parameters in the runoff scheme, such as the surface hydraulic conductivity and the river channel fraction, have a considerable impact on the partitioning of the surface runoff and the base flow. The snow albedo is prognosticated from the time passage since last snowfall and the snow temperature. The soil has five layers in this version, and the soil temperature, the soil moisture, and the frozen amount of moisture are calculated. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.