Steganalysis of JPEG Images: Breaking the F5 Algorithm
Steganalysis of JPEG Images: Breaking the F5 Algorithm
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DOI：
10.1007/3-540-36415-3_20
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发表时间：
2002-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Fridrich;M. Goljan;D. Hogea
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Fridrich;M. Goljan;D. Hogea
在本文中，我们提出了一种隐写分析方法，可以可靠地检测信息（并估计其大小）隐藏在JPEG图像使用隐写算法F5。该方法的关键是从隐写图像中估计出覆盖图像的直方图。这是通过对隐写图像进行解压缩，在两个方向上将其裁剪四个像素以去除频域中的量化，并使用与隐写图像相同的质量因子对其进行重新压缩来完成的。通过比较所选DCT系数的估计直方图与隐写图像的估计直方图，使用最小二乘拟合来确定由F5引入的相对变化的数量。实验结果表明，相对修改小到10%的可用DCT系数可以可靠地检测。该方法进行了测试，包括JPEG和BMP格式的原始图像和处理后的图像上的一组不同的测试图像。
In this paper, we present a steganalytic method that can reliably detect messages (and estimate their size) hidden in JPEG images using the steganographic algorithm F5. The key element of the method is estimation of the cover-image histogram from the stegoimage. This is done by decompressing the stego-image, cropping it by four pixels in both directions to remove the quantization in the frequency domain, and recompressing it using the same quality factor as the stego-image. The number of relative changes introduced by F5 is determined using the least square fit by comparing the estimated histograms of selected DCT coefficients with those of the stego-image. Experimental results indicate that relative modifications as small as 10% of the usable DCT coefficients can be reliably detected. The method is tested on a diverse set of test images that include both raw and processed images in the JPEG and BMP formats.