Developmental Outcomes in Early-Identified Children Who Are Hard of Hearing at 2 to 3 Years of Age.
Developmental Outcomes in Early-Identified Children Who Are Hard of Hearing at 2 to 3 Years of Age.
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000001012
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
DesJardin JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stika CJ;Eisenberg LS;Carter AS;Johnson KC;Hammes Ganguly DM;Henning SC;DesJardin JL
本研究探讨了没有其他残疾或神经认知障碍的重听（HH）幼儿的心理社会，适应行为和语言结果。早期发展结果与儿童和父母的人口统计学变量，父母的压力和自我效能感之间的关系也进行了探讨。参与者是39名2至3岁的早期发现的永久性轻度至重度听力损失儿童，以及47名听力正常（NH）儿童的对照组。使用临床医生管理的标准化测试和父母完成的特定于语言、心理社会功能和适应行为的行为评定工具来测量发育结果。母亲完成自我报告的措施，评估养育压力和母亲的自我效能。除了社会化技能外，HH儿童在心理社会功能和适应行为方面与NH儿童相似。作为一个群体，HH儿童在所有语言能力指标上的表现都明显不如NH儿童。在HH儿童中，母亲自我效能感与适应性行为结果呈强正相关;然而，它未能提供高于语言能力和性别解释的独特方差。母亲的自我效能也显着相关，更好的心理社会的结果，但只有父母的压力被证明是一个显着的预测儿童行为问题，一旦其他变量考虑在模型中。早期发现的HH幼儿可以在多个领域表现出与年龄相适应的发展，包括语言，心理社会和适应行为。然而，轻度至重度HL使没有其他残疾或神经认知障碍的幼儿面临语言延迟的风险。虽然儿童谁是HH表现出没有更多的情绪或行为问题比同龄人与NH，结果表明，语言延迟增加他们的脆弱性延迟在社会能力的各个方面。
This study examined the psychosocial, adaptive behavior, and language outcomes of young children who are hard of hearing (HH) without additional disabilities or neurocognitive impairments. Relations between early developmental outcomes and child and parent demographic variables, and parenting stress and self-efficacy were also explored. Participants were 39 children with early identified, permanent mild to severe hearing loss, between the ages of 2 and 3 years, and a comparison group of 47 children with normal hearing (NH). Developmental outcomes were measured using clinician-administered standardized tests and parent-completed behavior rating instruments specific to language, psychosocial functioning, and adaptive behavior. Mothers completed self-report measures that assess parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy. The children who are HH were similar to the children with NH in terms of their psychosocial functioning and adaptive behavior, with the exception of their socialization skills. As a group, the children who are HH performed significantly worse than their peers with NH on all measures of language ability. Among the children who are HH, maternal self-efficacy showed a strong positive correlation with adaptive behavior outcomes; however, it failed to contribute unique variance above that explained by language ability and gender. Maternal self-efficacy was also significantly correlated with better psychosocial outcomes, but only parenting stress proved to be a significant predictor of child behavioral problems once other variables considered were in the model. Early-identified young children who are HH can demonstrate age-appropriate development in multiple domains, including language, psychosocial, and adaptive behavior. However, mild to severe HL places young children with no additional disabilities or neurocognitive impairments at risk for language delays. Although the children who are HH demonstrated no more emotional or behavioral problems than their same-age peers with NH, results suggest that language delays increase their vulnerability for delays in various aspects of social competence.