Archaic hominin introgression into modern human genomes
Archaic hominin introgression into modern human genomes
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23951
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发表时间：
2019-11-08
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Gokcumen, Omer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gokcumen, Omer
来自多个尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人个体的古代基因组，沿着来自不同当代人类群体的DNA序列数据，有力地支持了不同古人类之间基因流动的普遍性。最近的研究提供了证据，证明多个基因流事件在现存和古代人类群体中留下了遗传特征。这些事件包括来自非洲的未知古人类的更古老的基因流动，以及在过去的5万至10万年中，从尼安德特人到祖先欧亚人类种群的多个基因流动事件，以及至少三个不同的基因渗入事件，从一个接近丹尼索瓦人的谱系到现存的东南亚和大洋洲人口的祖先。其中一些基因渗入事件可能发生在距今2万年前，并重塑了我们对人类进化的看法。在这篇评论中，我的目的是回答人类学相关的问题，就最近的研究古人类在人类谱系的渗入。古人类的基因组数据如何改变了我们对人类进化的看法？是否存在从古人类到现代人类祖先的基因渗入的疑问？从基因组学的角度来看，目前对人类进化史的看法是什么？基因渗入对人类表型有什么影响？
Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in extant and ancient human populations. These events include older gene flow from an unknown hominin in Africa predating out-of-Africa migrations, and in the last 50,000-100,000 years, multiple gene flow events from Neanderthals into ancestral Eurasian human populations, and at least three distinct introgression events from a lineage close to Denisovans into ancestors of extant Southeast Asian and Oceanic populations. Some of these introgression events may have happened as late as 20,000 years before present and reshaped the way in which we think about human evolution. In this review, I aim to answer anthropologically relevant questions with regard to recent research on ancient hominin introgression in the human lineage. How have genomic data from archaic hominins changed our view of human evolution? Is there any doubt about whether introgression from ancient hominins to the ancestors of present-day humans occurred? What is the current view of human evolutionary history from the genomics perspective? What is the impact of introgression on human phenotypes?