Aligning nanotoxicology with the 3Rs: What is needed to realise the short, medium and long-term opportunities?
Aligning nanotoxicology with the 3Rs: What is needed to realise the short, medium and long-term opportunities?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.021
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Doak, Shareen H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burden, Natalie;Aschberger, Karin;Doak, Shareen H.
纳米材料具有许多优点，在过去的十年中，纳米材料的开发和生产得到了长足的发展，并得到了广泛的应用。虽然纳米材料的潜在优势是明确的，但对人类和环境暴露影响的担忧仍然存在。需要协调一致、以科学为主导的努力来了解纳米材料暴露的影响，并确保实现保护目标。关于如何最好地评估纳米材料风险，特别是考虑到可能需要进行大量的测试，目前正在进行许多讨论。可能需要对每种纳米材料进行过多形式的测试，并在整个生命周期中评估风险，这意味着可能需要进行大量的急性和慢性毒性研究，这既不实际，也不利用当前的证据基础。因此，有科学、商业、伦理和立法方面的驱动因素促使人们重新考虑使用动物毒性试验。一个由监管机构、学者和行业科学家组成的专家工作组由英国的NC3Rs聚集在一起，讨论：i)短期、中期和长期提供的促进纳米安全的机会，ii)如何将这些进步与3Rs在纳米材料安全测试中的应用相结合，以及iii)将风险评估的重点从当前基于危害的方法转向暴露驱动的方法。
Nanomaterials convey numerous advantages, and the past decade has seen a considerable rise in their development and production for an expanse of applications. While the potential advantages of nanomaterials are clear, concerns over the impact of human and environmental exposure exist. Concerted, science-led efforts are required to understand the effects of nanomaterial exposure and ensure that protection goals are met. There is much on-going discussion regarding how best to assess nanomaterial risk, particularly considering the large number of tests that may be required. A plethora of forms may need to be tested for each nanomaterial, and risk assessed throughout the life cycle, meaning numerous acute and chronic toxicity studies could be required, which is neither practical nor utilises the current evidence-base. Hence, there are scientific, business, ethical and legislative drivers to re-consider the use of animal toxicity tests. An expert Working Group of regulators, academics and industry scientists were gathered by the UK's NC3Rs to discuss: i) opportunities being offered in the short, medium and long-terms to advance nanosafety, ii) how to align these advances with the application of the 3Rs in nanomaterial safety testing, and iii) shifting the focus of risk assessment from current hazard-based approaches towards exposure-driven approaches.