Liquid-vapor equilibrium of aqueous lithium chloride, from 25 to 100.deg. and from 1.0 to 18.5 molal, and related properties
Liquid-vapor equilibrium of aqueous lithium chloride, from 25 to 100.deg. and from 1.0 to 18.5 molal, and related properties
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DOI：
10.1021/je60058a011
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发表时间：
1973-07
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Gibbard;G. Scatchard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Gibbard;G. Scatchard
在25 ~ 100 ℃测量了1.0-18.5 μ m氯化锂水溶液的蒸气压.从这些测量，其他精确的蒸汽压和冰点测量，量热焓和热容数据，一个25参数的五次方程的热分子量的nonDebye-Hiickel部分的渗透系数。利用与氯化钠相似的方程，计算了氯化钠和氯化锂的等渗比，并与文献值进行了比较。将氯化锂方程与蒸汽压、冰点下降和浓差电池电动势的测量结果进行了比较。最近，我们报道了氯化钠水溶液（21）和人工海水（2）的静态蒸汽压测量。使用相同的装置，仅进行微小的改变，以测量氯化锂水溶液的蒸气压。锂离子相对于钠离子的小尺寸导致两种氯化物在水中的性质存在显著差异。氯化锂非常吸湿，并且在25 ℃下的摩尔溶解度比氯化钠的摩尔溶解度大三倍以上。氯化锂可达到的浓度和水活性范围宽是选择它进行研究的原因之一。
Vapor pressures of aqueous 1.0-18.5 m lithium chloride were measured from 25 to 100 C. From these measurements, other precise vapor-pressure and freezing-point measurements, and calorimetric enthalpy and heatcapacity data, a 25-parameter quintic equation in themolality was developed for the nonDebye-Hiickel part of the osmotic coefficient. With a similar equation for sodium chloride, the isotonic ratios of sodium chloride and lithium chloride were calculated and compared with literature values. The lithium chloride equation was compared with measurements of vapor pressure, freezing-point depression, and theelectromotive force of concentration cells. The agreement is generally good.Recently, we reported static vapor-pressure measure-ments on aqueous sodium chloride (21) and synthetic seawater(2). The same apparatus with only minor changes was used to measure the vapor pressures of aqueous lithium chloride. The small size of the lithium ion relative to the sodium ion causes striking differences in the properties of the two chlorides in water. Lithium chloride is quite hygroscopic and has a molar solubility at 25 C more than three times greater than that of sodium chloride. The wide range of concentrations and water ac-tivities attainable with lithium chloride is one of the reasons it was chosen for study.