Missing carbon reductions? Exploring rebound and backfire effects in UK households
Missing carbon reductions? Exploring rebound and backfire effects in UK households
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.058
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Jackson, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Druckman, Angela;Chitnis, Mona;Jackson, Tim
预计家庭将在减少英国温室气体排放方面发挥关键作用，英国政府正在鼓励具体的家庭行动，以帮助实现其目标。然而，由于反弹效应，在实践中，通过简单的工程计算估算的温室气体减排量通常只实现了一部分。例如，用步行或骑自行车代替短途汽车旅行减少了汽车燃料的消耗。但这释放了可能花在购买额外衣服或度假飞行上的钱。或者，可以把钱存起来。由于所有这些备选办法都会导致温室气体排放，因此温室气体减排总量可能低于预期。事实上，在某些情况下，排放可能会增加一种被称为“回火”的现象。我们估计，英国家庭采取三项减排行动的反弹效应约为34%。将温室气体强度较低的商品和服务的再支出作为目标，可将这一比例降至最低约12%，而将温室气体强度较高的商品和服务的再支出作为目标，则会导致适得其反。我们的研究强调了将消费转向温室气体密集度较低的类别和投资低碳投资的重要性。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Households are expected to play a pivotal role in reducing the UK's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the UK Government is encouraging specific household actions to help meet its targets. However, due to the rebound effect, only a portion of the GHG emission reductions estimated by simple engineering calculations are generally achieved in practice. For example, replacing short car journeys by walking or cycling reduces consumption of motor fuels. But this frees up money that may be spent on, for example, purchasing extra clothes or flying on vacation. Alternatively, the money may be put into savings. Since all of these options lead to GHG emissions, total GHG savings may be less than anticipated. Indeed, in some instances, emissions may increase a phenomenon known as 'backfire'. We estimate that the rebound effect for a combination of three abatement actions by UK households is approximately 34%. Targeting re-spending on goods and services with a low GHG intensity reduces this to a minimum of around 12%, while re-spending on goods and services with a high GHG intensity leads to backfire. Our study highlights the importance of shifting consumption to lower GHG intensive categories and investing in low carbon investments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.