The Power of the Pill for the Next Generation: Oral Contraception's Effects on Fertility, Abortion, and Maternal & Child Characteristics.
The Power of the Pill for the Next Generation: Oral Contraception's Effects on Fertility, Abortion, and Maternal & Child Characteristics.
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DOI：
10.1162/rest_a_00230
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hungerman DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ananat EO;Hungerman DM
本文认为，口服避孕药的扩散到年轻的未婚妇女影响了这些妇女所生子女的数量和父母的特点。在短期内，获得避孕药导致生育率下降，出生时体重不足的儿童比例和贫困家庭出生的儿童比例增加。从长期来看，获得这些服务导致生育率的变化微不足道，同时增加了受过大学教育的母亲的子女比例，减少了离婚母亲的子女比例。短期影响似乎是由向上流动的妇女选择不早育造成的，而长期影响似乎是由推迟生育时间造成的。这些影响不同于堕胎合法化的影响，尽管我们发现了避孕药扩散降低堕胎率的暗示性证据。我们的研究结果表明，堕胎和避孕药平均用于不同的目的，由不同的妇女，但在边际上，一些妇女从堕胎到避孕药时，两者都是可用的。JELNo. I0、J13、N12。
This paper considers how oral contraception’s diffusion to young unmarried women affected the number and parental characteristics of children born to these women. In the short-term, pill access caused declines in fertility and increases in both the share of children born with low birthweight and the share born to poor households. In the long-term, access led to negligible changes in fertility while increasing the share of children with college-educated mothers and decreasing the share with divorced mothers. The short-term effects appear to be driven by upwardly-mobile women opting out of early childbearing while the long-term effects appear to be driven by a retiming of births to later ages. These effects differ from those of abortion legalization, although we find suggestive evidence that pill diffusion lowered abortions. Our results suggest that abortion and the pill are on average used for different purposes by different women, but on the margin some women substitute from abortion towards the pill when both are available. JELNo. I0, J13, N12.