Gut Microbiota Linked to Sexual Preference and HIV Infection.
Gut Microbiota Linked to Sexual Preference and HIV Infection.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.032
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Paredes R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noguera-Julian M;Rocafort M;Guillén Y;Rivera J;Casadellà M;Nowak P;Hildebrand F;Zeller G;Parera M;Bellido R;Rodríguez C;Carrillo J;Mothe B;Coll J;Bravo I;Estany C;Herrero C;Saz J;Sirera G;Torrela A;Navarro J;Crespo M;Brander C;Negredo E;Blanco J;Guarner F;Calle ML;Bork P;Sönnerborg A;Clotet B;Paredes R
HIV-1对肠道微生物组的确切影响尚不清楚。最初的横断面研究提供了微生物丰富度和HIV血清状态之间的矛盾关联，并建议在HIV-1感染后从拟杆菌属转变为普雷沃菌属占优势，这在动物模型或HIV-1传播组匹配的研究中尚未发现。在巴塞罗那（n = 156）和斯德哥尔摩（n = 84）的HIV-1感染受试者和HIV-1阴性对照的两个独立队列中，男男性行为者（MSM）主要属于富含普雷沃菌的肠型，而大多数非MSM受试者富含拟杆菌，与HIV-1状态无关，饮食影响的贡献有限。此外，MSM比非MSM个体具有更丰富和更多样化的粪便微生物群。在对性取向进行分层后，没有确凿的证据表明艾滋病毒特异性的生态失调。然而，HIV-1感染始终与细菌丰富度降低相关，在抗逆转录病毒治疗的病毒免疫不一致反应受试者中观察到的细菌丰富度最低。我们的研究结果表明，HIV肠道微生物组研究必须控制HIV风险因素，并建议对肠道细菌丰富度进行干预，作为改善HIV-1相关免疫功能障碍的可能新途径。欧洲男同性恋者的粪便微生物群系统性地更丰富，并且具有独特的组成。HIV-1感染与肠道细菌丰富度降低独立相关，在免疫不一致的受试者中更是如此。增加肠道细菌丰富度的干预措施可能为改善HIV-1相关的免疫功能障碍提供新的途径。人类肠道微生物群对人类健康和福祉至关重要，并受遗传，生活方式和环境因素的影响。在这里，我们在欧洲的两个独立的HIV-1感染受试者和HIV-1阴性对照组中显示，男同性恋者通常具有独特的人类粪便微生物群组成，具有增加的微生物丰富度和多样性以及普雷沃氏菌肠型的富集。这是独立的HIV-1状态，只有有限的贡献饮食的影响。然而，在考虑了性取向之后，HIV-1感染仍然与细菌丰富度降低相关，在抗逆转录病毒治疗下CD 4 + T细胞计数恢复不佳的受试者中更是如此。未来的研究应该评估增加肠道细菌丰富度的干预措施是否可以改善HIV相关的免疫功能障碍。
The precise effects of HIV-1 on the gut microbiome are unclear. Initial cross-sectional studies provided contradictory associations between microbial richness and HIV serostatus and suggested shifts from Bacteroides to Prevotella predominance following HIV-1 infection, which have not been found in animal models or in studies matched for HIV-1 transmission groups. In two independent cohorts of HIV-1-infected subjects and HIV-1-negative controls in Barcelona (n = 156) and Stockholm (n = 84), men who have sex with men (MSM) predominantly belonged to the Prevotella-rich enterotype whereas most non-MSM subjects were enriched in Bacteroides, independently of HIV-1 status, and with only a limited contribution of diet effects. Moreover, MSM had a significantly richer and more diverse fecal microbiota than non-MSM individuals. After stratifying for sexual orientation, there was no solid evidence of an HIV-specific dysbiosis. However, HIV-1 infection remained consistently associated with reduced bacterial richness, the lowest bacterial richness being observed in subjects with a virological-immune discordant response to antiretroviral therapy. Our findings indicate that HIV gut microbiome studies must control for HIV risk factors and suggest interventions on gut bacterial richness as possible novel avenues to improve HIV-1-associated immune dysfunction. The fecal microbiota of gay men in Europe is systematically richer and has a distinct composition. HIV-1 infection is independently associated with reduced gut bacterial richness, more so in immune discordant subjects. Interventions to increase gut bacterial richness might offer novel avenues to improve HIV-1-associated immune dysfunction. The human intestinal microbiota is essential for human health and well-being and is driven by genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. Here, we show in two independent cohorts of HIV-1-infected subjects and HIV-1-negative controls in Europe that gay men often have a distinct composition of the human fecal microbiota, with increased microbial richness and diversity and enrichment in the Prevotella enterotype. This is independent of HIV-1 status, and with only a limited contribution of diet effects. After accounting for sexual orientation, however, HIV-1 infection remains associated to reduced bacterial richness, more so in subjects with suboptimal CD4 + T-cell count recovery under antiretroviral therapy. Future studies should evaluate if interventions to increase gut bacterial richness could improve HIV-associated immune dysfunction.