Characteristics of the Transition to Spoken Words in Two Young Cochlear Implant Recipients
Characteristics of the Transition to Spoken Words in Two Young Cochlear Implant Recipients
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DOI：
10.1044/1092-4388(2009/06-0145
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Inniger, Kelli J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ertmer, David J.;Inniger, Kelli J.
目的：这项调查解决了两个主要问题：(a) 在使用人工耳蜗 (CI) 的第一年中，幼儿的言语有何变化？ (b) 植入物激活后达到口语里程碑的时间进程与正常发育儿童的报告时间进程如何？探讨这些问题的目的是为了增加对在两岁生日前接受 CI 的儿童的早期语义发展的理解。方法：收集男童和女童在使用 CI 的第一年中母子互动的每月记录，他们的 CI 分别在 11 个月和 21 个月大时被激活。儿童话语被分类为非单词、前单词、单个单词或单词组合，并计算每个月这些话语类型的百分比。将数据与已发表的针对典型发育儿童的研究结果进行比较，了解达到口语单词里程碑所需的强健听力（即通过听觉获得对话语音）的月数以及达到里程碑的年龄。结果：主要发现是，随着单个单词和单词组合的增加，非单词和前单词的百分比下降。与正常发育儿童相比，这两个孩子都实现了大多数口语里程碑，并且听力体验良好的月份数更少；在典型的年龄范围内，最年轻的接受者比晚年植入的孩子实现了更多的里程碑。结论：孩子们在口语发展方面的快速进步似乎是通过植入前听力体验之间的相互作用来促进的；他们的身体、认知和社会成熟度相对较高；参与干预计划；以及根据神经语言学理论在语言发展的言语习得阶段引入强大的听力（J. Locke，1997）。
Purpose: This investigation addressed two main questions: (a) How do toddlers' spoken utterances change during the first year of cochlear implant (CI) use? and (b) How do the time-courses for reaching spoken word milestones after implant activation compare with those reported for typically developing children? These questions were explored to increase understanding of early semantic development in children who receive CIs before their second birthdays.Methods: Monthly recordings of mother-child interactions were gathered during the first year of CI use by a boy and a girl whose CIs were activated at 11 and 21 months of age, respectively. Child utterances were classified as nonwords, pre-words, single words, or word combinations, and the percentages of these utterance types were calculated for each month. Data were compared to published findings for typically developing children for the number of months of robust hearing (i.e., auditory access to conversational speech) needed to reach spoken word milestones and the chronological ages at which milestones were achieved.Results: The main findings were that the percentages of nonwords and pre-words decreased as single words and word combinations increased. Both children achieved most spoken word milestones with fewer months of robust hearing experience than reported for typically developing children; the youngest recipient achieved more milestones within typical age ranges than the child implanted later in life.Conclusions: The children's expeditious gains in spoken word development appeared to be facilitated by interactions among their pre-implant hearing experiences; their relatively advanced physical, cognitive, and social maturity; participation in intervention programs; and the introduction of robust hearing within the Utterance Acquisition phase of language development according to the neurolingusitic theory (J. Locke, 1997).