The application of the disspative structure theory to the water consumption of gardens at the Mogao Grottoes
The application of the disspative structure theory to the water consumption of gardens at the Mogao Grottoes
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作者：
L. Hong
对莫高窟园林用水量的调查表明，莫高窟园林灌溉用水总量平均为8366mm，主要通过土壤表面蒸发和植物蒸腾作用消散，远高于农田灌溉用水量2250mm和局部水面消散用水量2486mm。这一现象表现出一个悖论：用水量越多，水资源就会越短缺。与彭曼的蒸散指数、桑斯威特的蒸散指数和霍尔德里奇的生命带系统的比较研究不能解释莫高窟的这一现象。通过对温度、光照、湿度、风速、热量、土壤结构、灌溉方式等与水分耗散有关的因素的深入研究和分析，表明水分耗散现象符合耗散结构理论，可以用来解释莫高窟园林用水的悖论问题。耗散结构理论的应用对西北干旱区水资源的有效利用具有重要意义。根据这一理论，可以建立一个实用的消力模型。最后讨论了与耗散结构理论相关的熵概念，指出熵并没有物质实体，就像时间问题一样，只是认识主体人的一种心理错觉。
An investigation on the water consumption of gardens at the Mogao Grottoes indicates that the average amount of total water irrigation 8366 mm has been dissipated through evaporation of soil surface and transpiration of plants, in which the water consumption is much higher than 2250 mm of irrigation for farmland and 2486mm of local dissipation based on the water surface. This phenomenon shows a paradox: There is much more water consumption, there will be more shortage of water. The comparative research with Penman’s Evapotranspiration Index, Thornthwaite’s Evapotranspiration Index, and Holdridge’s Life Zone System can not explain this phenomenon at the Mogao Grottoes. An intensive study and analysis of the factors associated with the water dissipation, including the temperature, daylight, humidity, wind speed, heat, soil structure, and irrigation methods, shows that this phenomenon is consistent with the theory of Dissipative Structure, which can be used to explain the paradoxical issue in the water consumption of the gardens at the Mogao Grottoes. The application of the Dissipative Structure Theory is of great importance for the effective utilization of water resources in the Northwest arid area. A practical model of water dissipation can be set up based on this theory. Finally the paper discussed the concept of entropy related to the Dissipative Structure Theory, and pointed out that the entropy has no material substance, and just like the problem of time, it is only a psychological illusion of man, the main body of understanding.