Passive and active components of neonatal innate immune defenses
Passive and active components of neonatal innate immune defenses
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DOI：
10.1079/ahr2005107
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hodgins, Douglas C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Firth, Matthew A.;Shewen, Patricia E.;Hodgins, Douglas C.
先天免疫防御对于生命最初几天和几周的生存至关重要。出生时，新生儿面临着大量在子宫内没有遇到的潜在致病微生物。在这个年龄，适应性免疫系统的细胞成分处于幼稚状态，反应缓慢。从大坝获得的抗体对于防御是必不可少的，但代表了有限和不断减少的资源。免疫系统的固有成分通过模式识别受体（PRR）检测微生物（及其产物）上的病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）。先天系统的可溶性介质如补体蛋白、五聚蛋白、胶原凝集素、纤维胶凝蛋白、防御素、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶等可以结合病原体上的结构，导致凝集、干扰受体结合、调理作用、中和、直接膜损伤和通过炎症募集额外的可溶性和细胞成分。细胞相关受体如Toll样受体（TLR）可以激活细胞并协调反应（先天性和适应性）。本文综述了近年来对幼龄动物先天防御系统的受体、可溶性和细胞因子的研究进展。对这一领域的研究兴趣时断时续，文献的数量和质量也各不相同。我们希望，我们的知识基础的局限性文件将导致更广泛的和有启发性的研究。
Innate immune defenses are crucial for survival in the first days and weeks of life. At birth, newborns are confronted with a vast array of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that were not encountered in utero. At this age, cellular components of the adaptive immune system are in a naïve state and are slow to respond. Antibodies received from the dam are essential for defense, but represent a finite and dwindling resource. Innate components of the immune system detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on microorganisms (and their products) by means of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Soluble mediators of the innate system such as complement proteins, pentraxins, collectins, ficolins, defensins, lactoferrin, lysozyme etc. can bind to structures on pathogens, leading to agglutination, interference with receptor binding, opsonization, neutralization, direct membrane damage and recruitment of additional soluble and cellular elements through inflammation. Cell-associated receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate cells and coordinate responses (both innate and adaptive). In this paper, accumulated knowledge of the receptors, soluble and cellular elements that contribute to innate defenses of young animals is reviewed. Research interest in this area has been intermittent, and the literature varies in quantity and quality. It is hoped that documentation of the limitations of our knowledge base will lead to more extensive and enlightening studies.