Role of Exercise and Nutrition in the Prevention of Sarcopenia
Role of Exercise and Nutrition in the Prevention of Sarcopenia
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DOI：
10.3177/jnsv.61.s125
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Fujita, Satoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makanae, Yuhei;Fujita, Satoshi
与年龄相关的骨骼肌质量和强度的损失（少肌症）已被证明会增加由于福尔斯引起的损伤的风险以及包括胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病在内的代谢并发症的发生率，这随后成为老年人群中残疾的重要因素。营养素摄入是骨骼肌最重要的合成代谢刺激。具体来说，氨基酸亮氨酸和膳食诱导的胰岛素都独立地刺激肌肉蛋白质合成。然而，当在老年受试者中施用次最大量的氨基酸时，肌肉对亮氨酸的合成代谢反应的年龄特异性变化变得明显。此外，在健康的非糖尿病老年受试者中已经证实了随着年龄的增长肌肉蛋白质代谢的胰岛素抵抗。抗阻运动是另一种合成代谢刺激，它增加了年轻人和老年人的肌原纤维肌肉蛋白质合成。增加的肌肉张力在单次重阻力运动后2-3小时内明显，并在运动后2天内保持升高。骨骼肌中的mTOR信号通路与一轮抗阻运动后早期恢复阶段肌肉蛋白质合成速率的增加有关。最后，最近的证据抗阻运动结合营养补充剂对肌肉蛋白质代谢的累积效应进行了讨论，提出了一个可能的预防措施对肌肉减少症。
The age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) has been shown to increase the risk of injury due to falls and incidence of metabolic complications including insulin resistance and diabetes, which subsequently becomes a significant factor to disability among the elderly population. Nutrient intake is the most important anabolic stimulus for skeletal muscle. Specifically, the amino acid leucine and meal-induced insulin both independently stimulate muscle protein synthesis. However, age-specific changes in muscle anabolic responses to leucine become apparent when sub-maximal amounts of amino acids are administered in older subjects. Furthermore, insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism with aging has been demonstrated in healthy non-diabetic older subjects. Resistance exercise is another anabolic stimulus which increases myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis in both young and older individuals. The increased muscle anabolism is apparent within 2-3 h after a single bout of heavy resistance exercise and remains elevated up to 2 d following the exercise. The mTOR signaling pathway in skeletal muscle is associated with an increased rate of muscle protein synthesis during the early recovery phase following a bout of resistance exercise. Finally, recent evidence on the cumulative effect of resistance exercise in combination with nutritional supplement on muscle protein metabolism will be discussed to propose a possible preventative measure against sarcopenia.