Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Risk of Falls, Gait Ability, and Balance in Physically Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Risk of Falls, Gait Ability, and Balance in Physically Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review
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DOI：
10.1089/rej.2012.1397
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Izquierdo, Mikel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cadore, Eduardo Lusa;Rodriguez-Manas, Leocadio;Izquierdo, Mikel
本综述的目的是根据科学文献推荐提高身体虚弱老年人功能能力的训练策略，特别关注监督锻炼计划，以提高肌肉力量，跌倒风险，平衡和步态能力。检索了1990年至2012年期间的Scielo、Science Citation Index、MEDLINE、Scopus、Sport Discus和ScienceDirect数据库。研究必须提到运动训练对以下四个参数中至少一个的影响：福尔斯的发生率、步态、平衡和下半身力量。本修订版纳入了20项研究，这些研究调查了多成分运动训练（10）、阻力训练（6）、耐力训练（1）和平衡训练（3）的影响。10项试验研究了运动对身体虚弱老年人福尔斯发生率的影响。其中7人发现，与对照组相比，体育训练后的福尔斯发生率较低。11项试验研究了运动干预对步态能力的影响。其中6例步态能力增强。10项试验研究了运动干预对平衡性能的影响，其中7项试验显示了增强的平衡。13项试验研究了运动干预对肌肉力量的影响，其中9项显示肌肉力量增加。由力量、耐力和平衡训练组成的多成分运动干预似乎是改善身体虚弱的老年人的福尔斯率、步态能力、平衡和力量表现的最佳策略。
The aim of this review was to recommend training strategies that improve the functional capacity in physically frail older adults based on scientific literature, focusing specially in supervised exercise programs that improved muscle strength, fall risk, balance, and gait ability. Scielo, Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Scopus, Sport Discus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from 1990 to 2012. Studies must have mentioned the effects of exercise training on at least one of the following four parameters: Incidence of falls, gait, balance, and lower-body strength. Twenty studies that investigated the effects of multi-component exercise training (10), resistance training (6), endurance training (1), and balance training (3) were included in the present revision. Ten trials investigated the effects of exercise on the incidence of falls in elderly with physical frailty. Seven of them have found a fewer falls incidence after physical training when compared with the control group. Eleven trials investigated the effects of exercise intervention on the gait ability. Six of them showed enhancements in the gait ability. Ten trials investigated the effects of exercise intervention on the balance performance and seven of them demonstrated enhanced balance. Thirteen trials investigated the effects of exercise intervention on the muscle strength and nine of them showed increases in the muscle strength. The multi-component exercise intervention composed by strength, endurance and balance training seems to be the best strategy to improve rate of falls, gait ability, balance, and strength performance in physically frail older adults.