Experimental evolution and the dynamics of genomic mutation rate modifiers.
Experimental evolution and the dynamics of genomic mutation rate modifiers.
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实验进化和基因组突变率调节剂的动力学。
DOI：
10.1038/hdy.2014.49
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sniegowski,PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raynes,Y;Sniegowski,PD
因为影响突变率的基因本身也会发生突变，所以突变率会受到自然选择和其他进化力量的影响。突变率修饰等位基因的群体遗传学几十年来一直是理论研究的热点。在这里，我们回顾实验的贡献，我们的理解突变率修饰动力学。许多进化实验表明，增变基因等位基因（提高基因组突变率的修饰符）可以很容易地通过非重组微生物种群中的遗传搭便车而上升到高频率。虽然这些结果确实为观察到病原微生物和癌症谱系中偶发的高突变率提供了一个解释框架，但大多数自然群体的突变率非常低。这就提出了一个有趣的问题，即在自然种群中，增变因子搭便车是如何被抑制的，或者它的表型效应是如何被逆转的。很少有实验工作已经解决了这个问题，考虑到这一点，我们确定了一些有前途的领域，为未来的实验研究。
Because genes that affect mutation rates are themselves subject to mutation, mutation rates can be influenced by natural selection and other evolutionary forces. The population genetics of mutation rate modifier alleles has been a subject of theoretical interest for many decades. Here, we review experimental contributions to our understanding of mutation rate modifier dynamics. Numerous evolution experiments have shown that mutator alleles (modifiers that elevate the genomic mutation rate) can readily rise to high frequencies via genetic hitchhiking in non-recombining microbial populations. Whereas these results certainly provide an explanatory framework for observations of sporadically high mutation rates in pathogenic microbes and in cancer lineages, it is nonetheless true that most natural populations have very low mutation rates. This raises the interesting question of how mutator hitchhiking is suppressed or its phenotypic effect reversed in natural populations. Very little experimental work has addressed this question; with this in mind, we identify some promising areas for future experimental investigation.