The direct and indirect energy requirements of households in the Netherlands
The direct and indirect energy requirements of households in the Netherlands
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DOI：
10.1016/0301-4215(95)00072-q
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发表时间：
1995-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
K. Vringer;K. Blok
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Vringer;K. Blok
减少二氧化碳排放的一种方法是减少直接和间接的家庭能源需求。在讨论如何做到这一点之前，需要有关于这些能源需求的定量信息。本文旨在提供这些信息。1990年荷兰每户平均能源需求总量为240吉焦，其中54%为间接能源。在这一总的平均能量需求中，17%用于食物，8%用于家庭用品，4%用于房屋，3%用于衣物和鞋类，2%用于卫生，5%用于医疗，2%用于教育，8%用于娱乐，1%用于通信，4%用于运输（不包括汽油），9%用于汽油，25%用于热能，12%用于电力。家庭支出与能源总需求之间存在着密切的关系。能源需求对收入的弹性为0.63。然而，在一个收入阶层中，能源需求的差异很大（标准偏差约为20%）。
One way of reducing CO2emissions is to reduce direct and indirect household energy requirements. Before discussing ways in which that can be done, one needs to have quantitative information about these energy requirements. This article aims to provide that information. The total average energy demand per household in the Netherlands in 1990 was 240 GJ, of which 54% was indirect. Of this total average energy requirement 17% was required for food, 8% for household effects, 4% for the house, 3% for clothing and footwear, 2% for hygiene, 5% for medical care, 2% for education, 8% for recreation, 1% for communication, 4% for transport (excluding petrol), 9% for petrol, 25% for heating energy and 12% for electricity. There is a strong relationship between household expenditure and the total energy requirement. The elasticity of the energy requirement with respect to income was found to be 0.63. There is, however, a considerable spread in energy requirement within one income class (standard deviation about 20%).