The morphogenesis of fast growth in plants.
The morphogenesis of fast growth in plants.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.16892
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发表时间：
2020-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Wade;Patrick Seed;Eleanor McLaren;Ellie Wood;P. Christin;K. Thompson;M. Rees;C. Osborne
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wade;Patrick Seed;Eleanor McLaren;Ellie Wood;P. Christin;K. Thompson;M. Rees;C. Osborne
生长速度是生命史变化的一个基本轴。与C4光合作用和年生活史相关的更快生长已经进化了多次，而由此产生的生长多样性通常通过资源获取和分配来解释。然而，形态发生的潜在变化仍然未知。我们对74种草进行了系统发育比较实验，将形态发生概念为重复模块的分支和生长。我们的目的是确定C4和一年生草比C3和多年生草生长更快，是由于单个模块生长更快还是模块启动率更高。在使用C4和C3光合作用的禾本科植物中，形态发生以不同的方式产生快速生长，并且一年生禾本科植物与多年生禾本科植物相比。C4禾本科的生长速度比C3禾本科快，主要表现在茎段的增大和根的次生分枝加快。然而，叶片形成较慢，枝条分枝没有变化。相反，一年生植物的生长速度比多年生植物快，这是通过更多的分枝和芽的扩大来实现的，并且可能更快的根分枝。快速生长的形态发生依赖于生态环境，C4草在竞争中倾向于促进资源的获取，而一年生植物则倾向于增加分枝以增加繁殖潜力。
Growth rate represents a fundamental axis of life history variation. Faster growth associated with C4 photosynthesis and annual life history has evolved multiple times, and the resulting diversity in growth is typically explained via resource acquisition and allocation. However, the underlying changes in morphogenesis remain unknown. We conducted a phylogenetic comparative experiment with 74 grass species, conceptualising morphogenesis as the branching and growth of repeating modules. We aimed to establish whether faster growth in C4 and annual grasses, compared to C3 and perennial grasses, came from the faster growth of individual modules or higher rates of module initiation. Morphogenesis produces fast growth in different ways in grasses using C4 and C3 photosynthesis, and in annual compared to perennial species. C4 grasses grow faster than C3 species through a greater enlargement of shoot modules and quicker secondary branching of roots. However, leaf initiation is slower and there is no change in shoot branching. Conversely, faster growth in annuals than perennials is achieved through greater branching and enlargement of shoots, and possibly faster root branching. The morphogenesis of fast growth depends on ecological context, with C4 grasses tending to promote resource capture under competition, and annuals enhancing branching to increase reproductive potential.