New technology reveals the role of giant larvaceans in oceanic carbon cycling.
New technology reveals the role of giant larvaceans in oceanic carbon cycling.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1602374
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Robison BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katija K;Sherlock RE;Sherman AD;Robison BH
新的仪器显示，以粘液过滤为食的深海幼虫在海洋碳循环中发挥着重要作用。为了准确评估气候变化对我们星球的影响，需要对海洋系统进行建模，并了解大气碳是如何从表层水域输送到深海底栖动物的。生物泵推动碳在海洋深处的运输，碳的清除和封存速度通常取决于表层和中水生物的放牧能力。一些最有效和最丰富的中水食草动物是滤食性无脊椎动物。虽然较小的近地表滤食者的影响是众所周知的，但量化大型幼虫等较深滤食者的影响的努力一直未获成功。巨型幼虫占据水柱的上部400米，在那里它们建造直径超过1米的复杂粘液过滤结构。由于这些结构的脆弱性，直接测量过滤速度需要原位方法。因此，我们开发了DeepPIV，这是一种从远程操作工具部署的仪器，可以直接测量现场滤速。测量到的巨型幼虫的摄食率超过了任何其他浮游动物滤食器。考虑到这些过滤速度和来自22年时间序列的丰富数据，巨型幼虫的放牧影响远远超过之前的估计，在短短13天内就有可能在蒙特利湾处理它们200米的主要深度范围。DeepPIV等技术将使人们能够更准确地评估深水生物群长期消除大气中的碳的情况。
Novel instrumentation reveals that mucus-filter-feeding deep-sea larvaceans play a large role in oceanic carbon cycling. To accurately assess the impacts of climate change on our planet, modeling of oceanic systems and understanding how atmospheric carbon is transported from surface waters to the deep benthos are required. The biological pump drives the transport of carbon through the ocean’s depths, and the rates at which carbon is removed and sequestered are often dependent on the grazing abilities of surface and midwater organisms. Some of the most effective and abundant midwater grazers are filter-feeding invertebrates. Although the impact of smaller, near-surface filter feeders is generally known, efforts to quantify the impact of deeper filter feeders, such as giant larvaceans, have been unsuccessful. Giant larvaceans occupy the upper 400 m of the water column, where they build complex mucus filtering structures that reach diameters greater than 1 m. Because of the fragility of these structures, direct measurements of filtration rates require in situ methods. Hence, we developed DeepPIV, an instrument deployed from a remotely operated vehicle that enables the direct measurement of in situ filtration rates. The rates measured for giant larvaceans exceed those of any other zooplankton filter feeder. Given these filtration rates and abundance data from a 22-year time series, the grazing impact of giant larvaceans far exceeds previous estimates, with the potential for processing their 200-m principal depth range in Monterey Bay in as little as 13 days. Technologies such as DeepPIV will enable more accurate assessments of the long-term removal of atmospheric carbon by deep-water biota.