Coastal Natural and Nature-Based Features: International Guidelines for Flood Risk Management
Coastal Natural and Nature-Based Features: International Guidelines for Flood Risk Management
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DOI：
10.3389/fbuil.2022.904483
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发表时间：
2022-05-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Naylor, Larissa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bridges, Todd S.;Smith, Jane McKee;Naylor, Larissa A.
100多年来，自然和基于自然的特征（NNBF）一直被用作海岸保护基础设施（例如，海滩营养项目）。近年来，NNBF的应用稳步增长，其目标是通过具有适应气候变化潜力的项目实现海岸工程与环境和社会的协同效益。支持NNBF的技术进步日益成为同行评议文献的主题，许多组织已经发布了指导，为特定类型的基于自然的解决方案的技术实践提供信息。最近出版的《洪水风险管理的自然和基于自然的特征国际指南》提供了一个全面的指南，直接借鉴了世界各地不断增长的知识和从业经验，为概念化、规划、设计、工程和运营NNBF的过程提供了信息。这些准则侧重于基于自然的解决方案和自然基础设施（海滩、沙丘、湿地和植物系统、岛屿、珊瑚礁）作为沿海和河流洪水风险管理一部分的作用。除了描述每一种NNBF类型、它们的使用、设计、实现和维护之外，指南还描述了使用NNBF、涉众参与、监控、成本和收益以及适应性管理的一般原则。采用全面系统的方法来规划和实施NNBF。制定指南是为了支持决策者、项目经理和从业者对基于自然的洪水风险管理的可持续系统进行概念化、规划、设计、工程、实施和维护。本文总结了关键概念，并强调了未来研究的挑战和领域。
Natural and nature-based features (NNBF) have been used for more than 100 years as coastal protection infrastructure (e.g., beach nourishment projects). The application of NNBF has grown steadily in recent years with the goal of realizing both coastal engineering and environment and social co-benefits through projects that have the potential to adapt to the changing climate. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer-reviewed literature, and guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform technical practice for specific types of nature-based solutions. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management was recently published to provide a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and practitioner experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, and operating NNBF. These Guidelines focus on the role of nature-based solutions and natural infrastructure (beaches, dunes, wetlands and plant systems, islands, reefs) as a part of coastal and riverine flood risk management. In addition to describing each of the NNBF types, their use, design, implementation, and maintenance, the guidelines describe general principles for employing NNBF, stakeholder engagement, monitoring, costs and benefits, and adaptive management. An overall systems approach is taken to planning and implementation of NNBF. The guidelines were developed to support decision-makers, project managers, and practitioners in conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, implementing, and maintaining sustainable systems for nature-based flood risk management. This paper summarizes key concepts and highlights challenges and areas of future research.