The role of dietary calcium in bone health
The role of dietary calcium in bone health
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DOI：
10.1079/pns2003301
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Flynn, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flynn, A
大约99%的身体钙存在于骨骼中，在那里它作为羟基磷灰石的组分起着关键的结构作用。钙的膳食需求取决于骨骼发育和维持的需求，这在整个生命阶段都有所不同，在儿童和青少年的快速生长期，怀孕和哺乳期以及以后的生活中需要更多。有相当大的分歧专家组之间的每日钙摄入量的水平，应建议，反映了数据的不确定性，建立钙的需求。早期饮食中钙不足会损害骨骼发育，在儿童和青少年中，通常饮食中补充钙少于或等于3年的时间已被证明可增强骨矿物质状态。然而，目前尚不清楚这种益处是否是长期的，从而导致成年早期峰值骨量的优化。在以后的岁月里，膳食钙不足会加速骨质流失，并可能导致骨质疏松症。在绝经后妇女和老年男性的日常饮食中补充钙已被证明可以在1-2年的时间内降低许多部位的骨矿物质密度损失率。然而，这种结果在多大程度上降低骨折风险需要确定。即使考虑到对建议摄入量的分歧，有证据表明，膳食钙摄入量不足以维持相当大比例的某些人群的骨骼健康，特别是少女和老年妇女。
Approximately 99% of body Ca is found in bone, where it serves a key structural role as a component of hydroxyapatite. Dietary requirements for Ca are determined by the needs for bone development and maintenance, which vary throughout the life stage, with greater needs during the periods of rapid growth in childhood and adolescence, during pregnancy and lactation, and in later life. There is considerable disagreement between expert groups on the daily Ca intake levels that should be recommended, reflecting the uncertainty in the data for establishing Ca requirements. Inadequate dietary Ca in early life impairs bone development, and Ca supplementation of the usual diet for periods of less than or equal to3 years has been shown to enhance bone mineral status in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether this benefit is long term, leading to the optimisation of peak bone mass in early adulthood. In later years inadequate dietary Ca accelerates bone loss and may contribute to osteoporosis. Ca supplementation of the usual diet in post-menopausal women and older men has been shown to reduce the rate of loss of bone mineral density at a number of sites over periods of 1-2 years. However, the extent to which this outcome reduces fracture risk needs to be determined. Even allowing for disagreements on recommended intakes, evidence indicates that dietary Ca intake is inadequate for maintenance of bone health in a substantial proportion of some population groups, particularly adolescent girls and older women.